Muscles Of The Foot

Front 1

Abductor digiti minimi

Back 1

(S1-2)
attachments- from calcaneal tuberosity to lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit
actions- abducts & flexes 5th digit
innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Front 2

Abductor hallucis

Back 2

(L4-5-S1)
attachments- from medial calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum & plantar aponeurosis to medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe
actions- flexes & abducts great toe
innervation- medial plantar nerve

Front 3

Adductor hallucis

Back 3

(S1-2)
attachments- from 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) to lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe
actions- adducts great toe
innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Front 4

Extensor digitorum brevis

Back 4

(L4-5-S1) {medial slip = extensor hallucis brevis)
attachments- from anterolateral calcaneus to dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx (1) or to the lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (2-4)
actions- extension of digits 2-5 (MP & IP)
innervation- deep peroneal nerve

Front 5

Extensor hallucis longus

Back 5

(L4-5-S1)
attachments- from middle half of anterior surface of fibula to dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of the great toe
actions- extension of great toe (MP & IP)
innervation- deep peroneal nerve

Front 6

Quatratus plantae

Back 6

(S1-2) [Flexor digitorum accessories]
attachments- from medial surface of calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to lateral margin and the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
actions- assists flexor digitorum longus
innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Front 7

Flexor digitorum brevis

Back 7

(L4-5-S1)
attachments- from medial process of calcaneal tuberosity to sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
actions- flexes toes (proximal IP)
innervation- medial plantar nerve

Front 8

Flexor digiti minimi

Back 8

(S1-2)
attachments- from 5th metatarsal base to proximal phalangeal base
actions- flexon of 5th digit (MP)
innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Front 9

Flexor hallucis brevis

Back 9

(L4-5-S1)
attachments- from cuboid, adjacent part of the lateral cuneiform bone & tendon of tibialis posterior to the medial and lateral sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
actions- flexion of great toe (MP)
innervation- medial plantar nerve

Front 10

Interossei-dorsal

Back 10

(S1-2)
attachments- from metatarsal shafts to proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4
actions- abducts (MP) & flexes (MP) digits 2-4
innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Front 11

Interossei- plantar

Back 11

(S1-2)
attachments- from plantar surface of base of metatarsals to dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5
actions- adducts & flexes (MP) digits 3-5
innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Front 12

Limbricals

Back 12

(1st: L4-5-S1; 2-4: [L4-5], S1-2)
attachments- from tendons of flexor digitorum longus to medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5
actions- flexes proximal phalanges (MP), and extend IP joints
innervation- 1st- medial plantar nerve & 2-5- lateral plantar nerve