Muscles Of Facial Expression

Front 1

Glabella

Back 1

located on the frontal bone above the nasion; it is between the superciliary arches; a smooth prominence that is the most anterior projecting part of the forehead

Front 2

Superciliary arch

Back 2

a smooth, curved/arched elevation above the orbit under the area of the eyebrow; it arches upward and laterally from the glabella.

Front 3

Supraorbital foramen or supraorbital notch

Back 3

a bony passageway for nerves and vessel to reach or exit the face

Front 4

Nasal bone

Back 4

(2)
Often referred to as the “bridge of the nose”

Front 5

internasal suture

Back 5

located between the 2 nasal bones

Front 6

frontonasal suture

Back 6

located between the frontal bone and the 2 nasal bones; it forms a ‘T’ with the internasal suture

Front 7

Nasion

Back 7

the depression at the root of the nose; the position of the frontonasal suture with the internasal suture

Front 8

Zygomatic bone

Back 8

(2)
the cheek bones

Front 9

Maxilla

Back 9

(2)
the upper jaw bones
a. Infraorbital foramen
b. Intermaxillary suture
c. Anterior nasal spine
d. Alveolar part of the maxillae - contains the sockets for the teeth

Front 10

Mandible

Back 10

(1)
lower jaw bone

Front 11

Mental protuberance

Back 11

on mandible; triangular

Front 12

mental tubercles

Back 12

on mandible; lower, lateral elevations at the edge of the triangle (edge of mental protuberance)

Front 13

mandibular symphysis

Back 13

on mandible; fibrocartilaginous joint – usually ossified by the end of the first postnatal year of life

Front 14

mental foramen

Back 14

on mandible; the small hole in the external (facial) surface of the mandibular body in the vicinity of the apex of the root of the second premolar tooth

Front 15

ramus of the mandible

Back 15

coronoid process;
condylar process;
mandibular notch- between the coronoid process and condylar process

Front 16

angle of mandible

Back 16

marks the junction of the ramus and the body

Front 17

body of mandible

Back 17

oblique line;
alveolar part of the mandible- contains the sockets for the teeth;
base- lower part of the mandible's body

Front 18

piriform aperture

Back 18

the anterior bony opening into the nasal cavity

Front 19

orbitale

Back 19

the lowest point on the inferior margin of the orbit

Front 20

craniometric points

Back 20

glabella, nasion, orbitale;
these points pertain to the scientific measurement of the dimensions of the bones of the skull and face

Front 21

Forehead furrows

Back 21

horizontal wrinkles in the skin of the forehead; their prominence increases with age.

Front 22

Palpebra

Back 22

eyelid

Front 23

Palpebral fissures

Back 23

the space between the margins of the eyelids; the interval between the eyelids when they are open.

Front 24

Palpebral commissures (canthi)

Back 24

the angles (or medial and lateral limits) of the palpebral fissure.

Front 25

Bridge of the nose

Back 25

the narrow part of the nose leading downward between the eyes toward the lower, flared part surrounding the nostrils.

Front 26

Nasal ala

Back 26

the wing of the nose; the flaring cartilaginous expansion forming the outer side of each nostril.

Front 27

Columnella nasi

Back 27

the fleshy distal margin of the nasal septum.

Front 28

Nasolabial groove

Back 28

it separates the upper lip and nose from the cheek.

Front 29

Zygomatic eminence

Back 29

the prominence of the cheek.

Front 30

Philtrum

Back 30

the middle vertical groove in the upper lip.

Front 31

Labial tubercle

Back 31

the central prominence or rounded projection often present on the inferior surface of the vermilion part of the upper lip.

Front 32

Labial commissures

Back 32

the labial angles where the upper lip and lower lips are joined.

Front 33

Labiomental groove

Back 33

horizontal furrow between the lower lip and the chin.

Front 34

Mental protuberance

Back 34

the part of the chin that juts forward.

Front 35

Angle of the mandible

Back 35

the “angle of the jaw”.

Front 36

Vermilion zone (vermilion border)

Back 36

the exposed red/pink portion of the upper or lower lip; coloration is caused by a rich vascular bed.

Front 37

muscles of facial expression definition

Back 37

striated muscles which affect facial expression by moving the skin; they act as dilators and sphincters of the eyes, nose and mouth.

Front 38

Origin of muscles of facial expression

Back 38

skull bones (usually) or fascia

Front 39

Insertion of muscles of facial expression

Back 39

these muscles generally insert into the skin of the face; some exceptions to this are insertions into bone, other muscles, lips, and cartilage.

Front 40

Embryonic derivation of muscles of facial expression

Back 40

second pharyngeal arch- All muscles of facial expression; Posterior belly of digastric; Stylohyoid; Stapedius (a muscle of the middle ear)

Front 41

Muscles of facial expression innervation

Back 41

Innervated by facial nerve (VII) - cell bodies for efferent component: facial nucleus

Front 42

epicranius muscle

Back 42

scalp

Front 43

frontalis muscle (definition, origin, insertion)

Back 43

anterior belly of the epicranius; it wrinkles forehead and raises eyebrows (indicates surprise or curiosity)
ORIGIN: epicranial aponeurosis
INSERTION: skin/subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead

Front 44

occipitalis muscle (definition, origin, insertion)

Back 44

posterior belly of the epicranius; it pulls scalp posteriorly increasing effectiveness of the frontal belly
ORIGIN: Lateral 2/3 of the superior nuchal line
INSERTION: Epicranial aponeurosis

Front 45

Galea aponeurotica/Epicranial aponeurosis

Back 45

the membranous tendon of the epicranius muscle; the deepest layer of the “movable” scalp

Front 46

Anterior auricular muscle

Back 46

it pulls the auricle up and anteriorly; 1 of 3 external ear muscles

Front 47

Superior auricular muscle

Back 47

it pulls the auricle superiorly; 1 of 3 external ear muscles

Front 48

Posterior auricular muscle

Back 48

it pulls the auricle posteriorly; 1 of 3 external ear muscles

Front 49

Orbicularis oculi muscle function

Back 49

associated with the eyelid (palpebra); closes the eye and compresses the lacrimal gland

Front 50

3 parts of orbicularis oculi muscle (and function, origin, insertion for each)

Back 50

a. Orbital (beyond orbital rim)-necessary to close the eyes tightly
b. Palpebral (within the eyelid)- primarily involved in blinking
c. Lacrimal (posterior to lacrimal sac)-involved in lacrimal gland secretion

ORIGIN: medial orbital margin; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone
INSERTION: Skin around margin of orbit; superior and inferior tarsal plates

Front 51

Corrugator supercilii muscle (function, origin, insertion)

Back 51

associated with the eyelid (palpebra); it forms vertical wrinkles in the forehead; it pulls the eyebrows together (demonstrates worry/concern);

ORIGIN: medial end of superciliary arch
INSERTION: skin superior to middle of the supraorbital margin and superciliary arch

Front 52

nasalis muscle

Back 52

(2 parts: dilator and compressor);
associated with the nose; its fibers correspondingly act upon the nares

Front 53

depressor septi muscle

Back 53

associated with the nose; it assists the nasalis in widening the nasal aperture

Front 54

procerus muscle

Back 54

associated with the nose; it depresses the eyebrows in a medial direction; with nasalis wrinkles the skin over the dorsum of nose (conveys disdain or dislike)

Front 55

zygomaticus major muscle

Back 55

it lifts the corners of the mouth;
ORIGIN: lateral aspect of zygomatic bone;
INSERTION: angle of the mouth

Front 56

zygomaticus minor muscle

Back 56

it lifts the upper lip;
ORIGIN: anterior aspect of zygomatic bone;
INSERTION: skin of upper lip

Front 57

levator labii superioris muscle

Back 57

it lifts the upper lip;
ORIGIN: infraorbital margin of maxilla;
INSERTION: skin of upper lip

Front 58

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Back 58

it lifts the upper lip and dilates the nares;
ORIGIN: frontal process of maxilla;
INSERTION: major alar cartilage; skin of upper lip

Front 59

levator anguli oris muscle (sometimes called the caninus)

Back 59

it elevates the corner of the mouth; widens the oral fissure (grinning/grimacing);
ORIGIN: infraorbital maxilla;
INSERTION: angle of the mouth

Front 60

quadratus labii superioris

Back 60

a 4 sided mass formed by these muscles (elevators of the lip) as they enter the lip

Front 61

Depressor anguli oris muscle

Back 61

it depresses the corner of the mouth (frowning/sadness);
ORIGIN: anterolateral base of the mandible;
INSERTION: angle of the mouth

Front 62

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

Back 62

it depresses the lower lip (pouting/sadness);
ORIGIN: Platysma and anterolateral body of the mandible;
INSERTION: skin of lower lip

Front 63

Orbicularis oris muscle

Back 63

it closes the lips and its various fibers can protrude the lips, or compress the lips against the teeth;
ORIGIN: medial maxilla and mandible; perioral skin; angle of mouth (modiolus);
INSERTION: mucous membrane of the lips

Front 64

Mentalis muscle

Back 64

it raises and protrudes the lower lip, and wrinkles the skin of the chin;
ORIGIN: body of mandible;
INSERTION: skin of chin

Front 65

Risorius muscle

Back 65

it pulls the corner of the mouth laterally (highly variable may not be present in some individuals);
ORIGIN: parotid fascia and buccal skin;
INSERTION: angle of mouth

Front 66

Buccinator muscle

Back 66

it compresses the cheeks against the teeth; works w/ tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule;
ORIGIN: mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible; pterygomandibular raphe;
INSERTION: angle of mouth; orbicularis oris

Front 67

Platysma muscle

Back 67

it depresses the lower lip and the corners of the mouth, and it depresses the mandible (conveys tension/stress);
ORIGIN: subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions;
INSERTION: base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris

Front 68

Superficial muscle of the neck

Back 68

platysma muscle (see above)

Front 69

Labial modiolus

Back 69

moveable center that concentrates the force of contraction of these muscles at the corner of the mouth, enhancing facial movements in the area. Muscle fibers will interdigitate with the fibers of the orbicularis oris (Dimples). The modiolus plays an important role in the alignment of anterior teeth, providing gentle, continuous pressure to keep the anterior teeth from pointing outward.

Front 70

Muscles important in denture stability

Back 70

Buccinators;
Incisive part of the orbicularis oris muscle;
Mentalis;
Depressor septi muscle;
Alar part of nasalis

Front 71

Bell's Palsy is due to impairment of what nerve?

Back 71

Facial nerve

Front 72

Major characteristics/symptoms of Bell's Palsy

Back 72

1. Facial asymmetry.;
2. Sagging corner of the mouth, which can lead to food and saliva collection, difficulty in chewing and drinking;
3. Inability to whistle; inability to produce labial sounds;
4. Cannot completely close the eye on the affected side; lower lid droops, can result in corneal injury;
5. Difficulty in raising the eyebrow on the affected side.;
6. Cannot wrinkle the forehead on the affected side.

Front 73

Facial lacerations tend to...

Back 73

gape because there is no deep fascia and only loose connective tissue

Front 74

Lines and wrinkles

Back 74

appear w/ age;
1. Langer lines-run perpendicular to muscles;
2. Incisions along these lines heal w/ less scarring