Muscles: Leg By Actions

Front 1

Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh

Back 1

Pectineus;
Superior ramus of pubis;
Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter;
Femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerve

Front 2

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint;

Back 2

Iliopsoas;
Psoas major;
Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae;
Lesser trochanter of femur;
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

Psoas minor;
Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs;
Pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch;
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2);

Iliacus;
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments;
Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it;
Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

Front 3

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed

Back 3

Sartorius;
Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it;
Superior part of medial surface of tibia;
Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

Front 4

Extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Back 4

Quadriceps femoris;
Rectus femoris;
Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum;


Vastus lateralis;
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur;

Vastus medialis;
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur

Vastus intermedius;
Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula);
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 5

Adducts thigh

Back 5

Adductor longus;
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest;
Middle third of linea aspera of femur;
Obturator nerve, branch of, anterior division (L2, L3, L4)

Front 6

Adducts thigh Adductor part: flexes thigh Hamstrings part: extends thigh

Back 6

Adductor magnus;
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium Hamstrings part: ischial tuberosity;
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur;
Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior division Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

Front 7

Adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially

Back 7

Gracilis;
Body and inferior ramus of pubis;
Superior part of medial surface of tibia;
Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

Front 8

Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

Back 8

Obturator externus;
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane;
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

Front 9

Extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

Back 9

Gluteus maximus;
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament;
Most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity;
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Front 10

Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase

Back 10

Gluteus medius;
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines;
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur;
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Gluteus minimus;
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines;
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur;
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Tensor of fascia lata;
Anterior superior iliac spine, anterior part of iliac crest;
Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia;
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Front 11

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

Back 11

Piriformis;
Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament;
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur;
Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
Obturator internus;
Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones;
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur;
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Superior and inferior gemelli;
Superior: ischial spine Inferior: ischial tuberosity;
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur;
Superior gemellus: same nerve supply as obturator internus Inferior gemellus: same nerve supply as quadratus femoris

Front 12

Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Back 12

Quadratus femoris;
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity;
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it;
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Front 13

Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk

Back 13

Semitendinosus;
Ischial tuberosity;
Medial surface of superior part of tibia;
Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

Semimembranosus;
Ischial tuberosity;
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle);
Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

Front 14

Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerating mass during first step of gait).

Back 14

Biceps femoris;
Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur;
Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee;
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Front 15

acronyms for cranial nerves
and the types of cranial nerves can be chosen from

Back 15

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To remember the foramena of all cranial nerves, the following statement may be used:

* Cocks Out Spurt Some Spunk Right Over Sexy Isabel's Incredible Jiggling Jizz Jet Hole
* for Cribiform plate (Olfactory), Optic canal (Optic), Superior Orbital Fissure (Oculomotor), Superior Orbital Fissure (Trochlear), Superior Orbital Fissure (Trigeminal - Ophthalmic), Foramen Rotundum (Trigeminal - Maxillary), Foramen Ovale (Trigeminal - Mandibular), Superior Orbital Fissure (Abducens), Internal Acoustic Meatus (Facial), Internal Acoustic Meatus (Vestibulocochlear), Jugular Foramen (Glossopharyngeal), Jugular Foramen (Vagus), Jugular Foramen (Accessory), Hypoglossal Canal (Hypoglossal)

Front 16

Name the functional groups fo muscles acting at the hip:

Flexors
Adductors
lateral rotators
extensors
abductors
medial rotators

Back 16

Flexors:
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus-anterior part
gracilius

Adductors
Adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Obturator externus

Lateral Rotators
obturator externus
obturator internus
Gemellis superior
gemellis inferior
Piriformis
Quadratus femoris
Gluteus maximus

Extensor
Hamstrings;
semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Long head biceps femoris
Adductor magnus-posterior part
Gluteus maximus

Abductors
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

medial rotators
gluteus medius anterior part
gluteus minimus anterior parts
tensor fasciae latae.