Muscles And Their Functions

Front 1

dilate nostrils and raise upper lip

Back 1

Superior Labial Levator

Front 2

nostril movement

Back 2

Canine

Front 3

Nostril and lip movement

Back 3

3. Nasiolabial levator

Front 4

Brings the Jaws together by moving the lower jaw (chewing)

Back 4

4. Masseter

Front 5

Elevates the head and neck. Bends the neck laterally and turn the head to that side

Back 5

5. Splenius

Front 6

flexes neck laterally, extends shoulder joint, pulls foreleg forward

Back 6

6. Brachiocephalicus

Front 7

Allows head to extend and flex down and turns head laterally

Back 7

7. Rectus capitus dorsalis

Front 8

flexes elbow and extends shoulder

Back 8

Biceps

Front 9

draws foreleg forward and backwards, adducts the foreleg

Back 9

Descending pectoral

Front 10

flexes shoulder and abducts the shoulder

Back 10

Deltoid

Front 11

extends shoulder, abvances foreleg

Back 11

Supraspinous

Front 12

flexes shoulder joint, extends elbow

Back 12

Triceps

Front 13

abducts upper arm, rotates forearm, prevents dislocation

Back 13

Infraspinitus

Front 14

extends and flexes hoof

Back 14

(Carpal) digital extensors and flexors

Front 15

elevates shoulder, draws scapula upward, forward, and backward

Back 15

Trapezius

Front 16

elevates shoulder and draws scapula upward, forward, and backward

Back 16

Rhomboids

Front 17

stabilizes the trunk, moves scapula upward, forward and back, allows for stability of the front half of the body

Back 17

Thoracic ventral serrated

Front 18

adducts foreleg, draws foreleg backward

Back 18

Ascending pectoral

Front 19

lateral flexion/bending, flexes shoulder and pulls foreleg upward and back

Back 19

Latissimus dorsi

Front 20

laterally flexes the spine, extends back and neck

Back 20

Longissimus dorsi

Front 21

aids in exhalation, supports rib cage

Back 21

Intercostals

Front 22

supports internal organs and the back, aids in defecation, urination, exhalation, coughing, and birthing

Back 22

Obliques

Front 23

supports internal organs and rounds the back, aids in defecation, urination, exhalation, coughing, and birthing

Back 23

Rectus abdominus

Front 24

forward impulsion, hind end action

Back 24

Gluteal

Front 25

extends hip and hock, flexes stifle, part of the hamstring group

Back 25

Semitendinous

Front 26

extends hip, adducts hind leg, part of hamstring group

Back 26

Semimembranous

Front 27

extends hip, hock, and flexes/extends stifle, abducts hip part of hamstring group

Back 27

Femoral biceps

Front 28

extends stifle, flexes hip, abducts hind leg

Back 28

Tensor fascia latae

Front 29

extends and flexes the hoof

Back 29

(Tarsal) digital extensor and flexor

Front 30

What 3 things = equine massage?

Back 30

1. Deliberate and focused touching. Each stroke is specific in pressure, direction, and intention. Intention + technique = healing

2. Hands are assessment tools for sensing heat, cold, bumps, and irregularities

3. Our hands send healing energy and love to the animals we work on.

Front 31

Therapeutic massage

Back 31

Used to promote general well being

Helps boost circulatory and immune systems

Improves muscle tone, digestion, and skin tone

Good for ANY horse

45-60 min.

Front 32

Benefits of massage

Back 32

Increases blood circulation

Increases lymph movement

Good for muscle health

Front 33

Main categories of massage strokes

Back 33

Effleurage

Petrissage

Friction

Tapotement

Front 34

Effleurage

Back 34

Long, soothing strokes using a flat hand, fingers, or forearm. Used to open massage, throughout massage, and to close massage

Front 35

Petrissage

Back 35

Various ways of kneading, rolling, and squeezing the muscle tissue to increase blood and lymph flow. Performed with fingers and hands to "milk" or "knead" the muscle

Front 36

Friction

Back 36

Static or dynamic pressure to a specific area. Can be used to release muscle tension, break up adhesions, and increase blood flow to the tissues

Front 37

Tapotement

Back 37

Fast, stimulating movement also called percussion. Creates vibrations that are useful for stimulating weak or atrophied muscle, releasing muscle tensions or spasms, loosening muscle tension, and warming the muscles before activity or stretching

Front 38

Animal body language

Back 38

At least 80% of Animal communication is done nonverbally

Front 39

Aggressive horse

Back 39

Head leveled

Easrs pinned back flush with neck

Tensing neck and facial muscles in strong warning

Front 40

Preparation for massge

Back 40

Stretching

Fingernails

Breathing

Centering

Grounding

Posture

Height

Boundaries

Front 41

Presence

Back 41

Keeps safe

Enhances effectiveness of massage

Front 42

Centering

Back 42

Geographical center in body about 2 inches below navel

Front 43

Boundaries

Back 43

Act to keep your physical, emotional, and spiritual selves healthy and strong

Allows those in healing careers to help clients without taking on baggage

Front 44

Considerations

Back 44

If no improvement after 3-5 sessions, get the help of another wellness advocate

Front 45

When not to massage

Back 45

Antibiotics

Cancerous areas

Open injuries or recent ones

Fever present

In bad mood

If horse says no

Horse in shock

More than once in 24 hours

Front 46

Horse handling basics

Back 46

Always say hello by starting on left side

Front 47

Assessments

Back 47

Physical history

Present behaviors

Diet

Front 48

Touch

Back 48

Light is 2-4 lbs

Medium is 5-10

Heavy touch 10-20

Never more than 25

Front 49

When to stop

Back 49

If horse gets over stimulated, fall back on effleurage

Front 50

Under reactive

Back 50

Increase pressure eor change stroke

Front 51

What to do

Back 51

Never lock stall door, always have an escape

Keep feet grounded

Front 52

Anterior

Back 52

Front of animal

Front 53

Posterior

Back 53

Rear of animal

Front 54

Caudal

Back 54

Towards the tail

Front 55

Cranial

Back 55

Toward head

Front 56

Distal

Back 56

Distant from point of reference

Front 57

Proximal

Back 57

Near point of reference

Front 58

Dorsal

Back 58

Toward the top

Front 59

Ventral

Back 59

Towards the underside

Front 60

Lateral

Back 60

Towards the side of the body

Front 61

Bilateral

Back 61

Same on both sides

Front 62

Medial

Back 62

Towards midline

Front 63

Supra

Back 63

Above

Front 64

Infra

Back 64

Below

Front 65

Rostral

Back 65

Replaces cranial when speaking about head

Towards the nose

Front 66

Palmar

Back 66

Replaces ventral when discussing the base of the foreleg

Front 67

Plantar

Back 67

Replaces the word ventral when discussing the base of the hind leg

Front 68

Extension

Back 68

Draws bones of the joint away from each other

Front 69

Flexion

Back 69

Draws the bones of the joint together

Front 70

Abduction

Back 70

Movement away from midline

Front 71

Adduction

Back 71

Movement towards midline

Front 72

Formation of pelvis

Back 72

Ilium

Pubis

Ischium

Acetabelum

Front 73

What's special about muscles

Back 73

None below Tarsus or carpus

Front 74

Fascia

Back 74

Network of fibrous, connective tissue that can be thought of like plastic cling wrap that surrounds the tendons, ligaments, muscles and more, as well as intertwining through the body as a whole

Front 75

Skin

Back 75

Largest organ in the body

Part of integumentary system

Front 76

Lactic acid

Back 76

Metabolic watse released in the muscles during exercise or massage

When it stagnates the muscle, soreness and stiffness can set in.

Front 77

Tendons

Back 77

Attach muscle to bone

Front 78

Ligaments

Back 78

Attach bone to bone

Front 79

Fibrous joints

Back 79

Connected by connective tissue and muscle

Front 80

Cartilaginous joints

Back 80

Connected entirely by cartilage

Front 81

Synovial joints

Back 81

Connected by means of a joint capsule - bones, ligaments, muscles, cartilage, and synovial fluid enclosed in a joint capsule

Front 82

Synovial fluid function

Back 82

Joint nourishment and lubrication

Front 83

Zoonotic

Back 83

Is a disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans

Rabies

Front 84

Direct transmission

Back 84

Requires one animal touches another

Papilloma

Front 85

Indirect transmission

Back 85

Can happen in a variety of ways and requires a vector to continue the transmission

Airborne, biological, mechanical

Front 86

What disease can be transmitted directly and indirectly

Back 86

Ringworm

Front 87

Preventing the spread

Back 87

1. Wash hands with antibacterial soap in between barns

2. Change shirt if an animal sneezes on you

3. Change or thoroughly wash off boots between clients

Front 88

What should I answer yes to?

Back 88

My desire of helping a horse is more important than making money

Front 89

An effective ethic

Back 89

High standards are important

Never compromise myself, time, or fees

Front 90

Pricing

Back 90

Never give part of a session if a client can't afford a whole one.

Front 91

EIA test

Back 91

Coggins

Front 92

Strangles

Back 92

Highly contagious

Contraindicated for massage until cleared by vet

Thick, purulent nasal discharge, fever, depression, and swollen lymph nodes

Front 93

Epm symptoms

Back 93

Neurological

Ataxia, weakness, spasticity, lameness

Front 94

VSV symptoms

Back 94

Lesions anywhere near where the mucous membranes meet skin

Front 95

Synovial fluid function

Back 95

Joint nourishment and lubrication