Muscles And Lever Systems- Spinal Biomechanics

Front 1

mechanical advantage is?

Back 1

the measure of mechanical efficiency of a lever system

MAd=EA/RA
EA= effort arm
RA=resistance arm

Front 2

Third class levers are always ? (concentric movement)

Back 2

1. Mechanical disadvantage
2. EF magnitude must always exceed resistance force
3. M Ad less than 1

Front 3

Second class levers are always? (eccentric movement)

Back 3

1. mechanical advantage
2. EF can be less than resistance force
3. M Ad greater than 1

Front 4

First class levers may be at?

Back 4

mechanical disadvantage, advantage, or neutral
2. more often at mechanical disadvantage in human body because RA tends to be greater than EA
M Ad greater/less or equal to 1

Front 5

Open Chain

Back 5

one end of a segment or set of segments is free to move in space
i.e. leg presses with or without weight boots

Front 6

Closed chain

Back 6

both ends of a segment or set of segments are constrained & not free to move in space
i.e. leg presses against a foot plate