Muscles Anatomy Test

Front 1

flexion

Back 1

decreases the angle of the joint and brings bones closer together (hinge)

Front 2

extension

Back 2

increases the angle between bones (opposite of flexion)

Front 3

rotation

Back 3

movement of a bone around rotational axis

Front 4

abduction

Back 4

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Front 5

adduction

Back 5

moving a limb towards the midline of the body ("adding it to the body")

Front 6

circumduction

Back 6

proximal end of limb stationary, distal end moves in circular motion

Front 7

dorsiflexion

Back 7

moving foot so that superior surface approaches shin (flexing feet)

Front 8

plantar flexion

Back 8

pointing the toes

Front 9

inversion

Back 9

turn sole medially (foot)

Front 10

eversion

Back 10

turn sole laterally

Front 11

supination

Back 11

turning forearm to anatomical position, palm facing forward (radius/ulna parallel)

Front 12

pronation

Back 12

palm faces posterior (radius/ulna X)

Front 13

opposition

Back 13

move thumb to touch fingers

Front 14

prime mover

Back 14

muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement (biceps)

Front 15

antagonist

Back 15

muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover (triceps)

Front 16

synergist

Back 16

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation (undesirable movement)

reinforcer

Front 17

fixator

Back 17

stabilizes the origin of a prime mover (vertebral column, scapula to thorax)

Front 18

direction of muscle fibers

Back 18

rectus (straight)

Front 19

relative size of the muscle

Back 19

maximus (largest)

Front 20

location of the muscle

Back 20

many muscles are named for bones

Front 21

supination

Back 21

turning forearm to anatomical position, palm facing forward (radius/ulna parallel)

Front 22

pronation

Back 22

palm faces posterior (radius/ulna X)

Front 23

opposition

Back 23

move thumb to touch fingers

Front 24

prime mover

Back 24

muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement (biceps)

Front 25

antagonist

Back 25

muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover (triceps)

Front 26

synergist

Back 26

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation (undesirable movement)

reinforcer

Front 27

fixator

Back 27

stabilizes the origin of a prime mover (vertebral column, scapula to thorax)

Front 28

direction of muscle fibers

Back 28

rectus (straight)

Front 29

relative size of the muscle

Back 29

maximus (largest)

Front 30

location of the muscle

Back 30

many muscles are named for bones

Front 31

number of orgins

Back 31

triceps, bi, quad

Front 32

location of the muscle's origin and insertion

Back 32

sterno (on the sternum)

Front 33

shape of the muscle

Back 33

deltoid (triangular)

Front 34

action of the muscle

Back 34

flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)

Front 35

three basic muscle types are found in the body

Back 35

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

Front 36

essential function of muscular system

Back 36

contraction, shortening

Front 37

prefix 'myo'

Back 37

refers to muscle

Front 38

prefix 'mys'

Back 38

refers to muscle

Front 39

prefix 'sarco'

Back 39

refers to flesh

Front 40

striated

Back 40

have visible banding

Front 41

voluntary

Back 41

subject to conscious control

Front 42

endomysium

Back 42

around single muscle fiber

Front 43

perimysium

Back 43

around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers

Front 44

epimysium

Back 44

covers the entire skeletal muscle

Front 45

blood vessel

Back 45

run along side the fascicles

Front 46

tendon

Back 46

cord-like structure

Front 47

aponeuroses

Back 47

sheet-like structure

Front 48

sites of muscle attachment

Back 48

bones, cartilages, connective tissue coverings

Front 49

smooth muscle characteristics

Back 49

has no striations

spindle-shaped cells

single nucleus

involuntary (no conscious control)

found mainly in the walls of hollow organs (stomach, bladder, resp.)

Front 50

cardiac muscle characteristics

Back 50

has striations

usually has a single nucleus

joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc

involuntary

found only in the heart

Front 51

function of muscles

Back 51

produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat