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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of muscle tissue |
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
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Where is skeletal tissue located |
Attached to bones, some facial muscles, and skin |
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Where is smooth muscle tissue located |
Walls of hollow organs, besides the heart |
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How many special characteristics of muscle tissue are there |
4 |
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What are the special characteristics of muscle tissue |
Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility, And elasticity |
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Excitability |
Ability to receive and respond to stimuli |
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Contractility |
Ability to shorten/contract when stimulated |
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Extensibility |
Ability to be stretched |
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Elasticity |
Ability to recoil to resting length |
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How many types of muscle function are there |
5 |
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What are the 5 types of muscle functions |
1) movement of bones 2) circulation of body fluid (blood) 3) maintaining posture and body position 4) heat generation (especially skeletal muscles) |
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What is the function of the several different types of connective tissue in muscle tissue |
They support cells and reinforce and hold together the muscles from bursting during very strong contractions |
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What is this part of muscle tissue |
Epimysium |
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What is this part of muscle tissue |
Blood vessels |
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What is this connective tissue that is part of muscle tissue |
Perimysium |
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What is this section of muscle tissue |
A fascicle wrapped in perimysium |
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What is this section within a fascicle |
A muscle fiber |
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What is the connective tissue between muscle fibers |
Endomysium |
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What is this membrane within the muscle fiber |
Sarcolemma |
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What is this structure in a muscle fiber |
Nucleus |
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What is this connective fiber |
Endomysium |
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What is this section within the muscle fiber |
Myofibril |
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What is the organ in muscle tissue |
The muscle |
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What is the cell in muscle tissue |
Muscle fiber |
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What kind of connective tissue is endomysium |
Areolar |
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What kind of connective tissue is epimysium |
Regular, dense connective |
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What kind of connective tissue is perimysium |
Fiberous |
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How large is a muscle fiber in diameter |
10-100 um, up to 30 cm long |
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How many nuclei does a muscle fiber have |
Multiple, peripherally located |
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Do muscle fibers have many midocondria |
Yes |
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What does a muscle fiber contain |
Myofibril, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and t-tubules |
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What is this structure in a muscle fiber |
Myofibril |
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What are these structures |
Mitochondrion |
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What is this connective tissue |
Endomysium |
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What is this kind of band |
Light I band |
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What is this kind of band is this |
Dark A band |
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What is this structure in a muscle fiber |
A sarcomere |
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What is a contractile unit |
A functional unit, typically referring to the smallest functional unit |
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What is the smallest contractile unit in a muscle fiber |
A sarcomere |
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What is this single line |
The M line |
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How is a sarcomere divided |
From z disc to z disc |
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What are these sections of a muscle fiber |
Light I bands |
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What are these |
Z discs |
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What are sarcomeres composed of |
Thick and thin myofilaments, which are made of contractile proteins |
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What are these structures |
Thick filament, myosin |
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How long do myosin (thick filaments) run |
Entire length of an A band |
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What is this band |
An A band |
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What do z discs do |
This sheet of proteins anchor thin filaments and connect myofibrils to one another |
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What is the light I band |
A section between protein filaments that don't overlap |
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What is the M line |
A line of myomesin protein that holds adjacent thick filaments together |
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What is this section of a sarcomere |
A thin or action fillament |
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What part of a sarcomere is this |
An elastic or titin fillament |
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What part of a sarcomere is this |
A thick or myosin filament |
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How many strands are there in a thin filament |
2 |
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What is important about thin filaments |
Has the active sites for myosin head attachment during contraction |
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What is actin |
A active protein in the thin fillament |
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What proteins are bound to actin-a protein of thin filaments (regulatory proteins) |
Tropomyosin and troponin |
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What is the head of a thick filament a binding site for |
ATP |
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What is ATPase |
It splits ATP and their pattern of electrical activity of their motor neurons |
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What is this the binding cite for |
Actin |
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What is this the binding cite for |
ATP |
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What is this protein in a thin filament |
Tropomyosin |
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What is this protein in a thin filament |
Troponin |
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What is this protein in a thin filament |
Actin |
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What are the blue tubules a part of |
The SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) |
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What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
A network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds each myofibril |
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What is the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum |
Regulates Ca levels |
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What is this section of a myofibril |
The triad |
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What are the three parts of the triad |
2 terminal cisterns bisected by a T tubule |
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What is this part of the triad within the myofibril |
T tubule |
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What is this part of the triad inside a myofibril |
2 terminal cisterns |
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What is the function of t tubules |
It penetrates the cell's interior at each A-I band junction; part of the triad |
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In a relaxed state how much are thick and thin filaments overlapping |
Slightly |
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What does the Sliding Filament Model of Contraction state |
During contraction, thin filaments slide past thick ones so the actin and myosin filaments overlap more |
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How do the filaments slide? |
The myosin heads bind to actin, and pull the action of the thin filament towards it, then binds again to the next attachment site on the actin |
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What shortens in muscle contraction |
The H zone which eventually disappear as the filaments completely overlap, then each sarcomere is shorted, which shortens the entire muscle |
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What action starts the process of muscle contractions |
The sarcoplasmic reticulum releasing Ca |
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The sarcolemma contains what kind of receptors in its synaptic gap |
ACh |
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What is the kind of junction between a neuron and a muscle |
Neuromuscular junction |
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What does ACh trigger in a sarcomere |
The release of calcium to start muscle contraction |
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What two chemicals change places during action potential |
Na moves inward while K moves outward |
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What happens during repolarization |
K and Na move back, K reactors polarity by moving inward and Na outward |
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What are the three events in the generation of action potential |
1) local depolarization 2) generation of action potential 3) repolarization |
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When nervous stimulation decreases in muscle contraction what happens |
The muscle contraction ends and Ca is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Muscle fiber relax when |
There isn't any or not enough Ca |
