Muscle Terms

Front 1

Functions of Muscles

Back 1

movement, stability, control of body openings and passageways, heat production, and glycemic control

Front 2

Origin

Back 2

bony attachment at stationary end of muscle

Front 3

Belly

Back 3

thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion

Front 4

Insertion

Back 4

bony attachment at mobile end of muscle

Front 5

Action

Back 5

the effects produced by a muscle (to produce or prevent movement)

Front 6

Four categories of muscle function

Back 6

prime mover, agonist, synergist, antagonist, fixator

Front 7

Prime mover

Back 7

muscle that produces most of the force during a joint action

Front 8

Synergist

Back 8

muscle that aids the prime mover by stabilizing nearby joints or modifying the direction of movement

Front 9

Antagonist

Back 9

muscle that opposes the prime mover by relaxing to give the prime mover control or preventing excessive movement and injury

Front 10

Antagonistic pairs

Back 10

muscles that act on opposite sides of a joint

Front 11

Fixator

Back 11

muscle that prevents movement of a bone

Front 12

Muscle name categories (8)

Back 12

direction of muscle fibers

body region

relative position to other muscles

muscle size or length

multiple origins

shape of muscle

points of attachment (origin or insertion)

action of muscle

Front 13

Flexion

Back 13

movement that decreases the joint angle

Front 14

Extension

Back 14

movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position

Front 15

Hyperextension

Back 15

further extension of a joint beyond the zero position

Front 16

Abduction

Back 16

movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Front 17

Hyperabduction

Back 17

raising the arm over back or front of the head

Front 18

Adduction

Back 18

movement of a body part in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Front 19

Hyperadduction

Back 19

crossing fingers, crossing ankles

Front 20

Elevation

Back 20

a movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

Front 21

Depression

Back 21

a movement that lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane

Front 22

Protraction

Back 22

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

Front 23

Retraction

Back 23

the posterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

Front 24

Circumduction

Back 24

one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion/a sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction movements/ex: a baseball player winding up for a pitch

Front 25

Rotation

Back 25

movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis/rotation of trunk, thigh, head, or arm

Front 26

Medial/internal rotation

Back 26

rotation turns the bone inwards

Front 27

Lateral/external rotation

Back 27

rotation turns the bone outwards

Front 28

Supination

Back 28

forearm movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly or upward (toward anatomical position)/radius moves to become parallel with ulna

Front 29

Pronation

Back 29

forearm movement that turns the palm to face posteriorly or downward (away from anatomical position)/radius crosses over ulna to form an X

Front 30

Lateral excursion

Back 30

right or left movement of the mandible from zero position

Front 31

Medial excursion

Back 31

movement of the mandible back to the zero position after moving left or right

Front 32

Protraction

Back 32

jutting the mandible straight out (anteriorly) away from the throat

Front 33

Retraction

Back 33

pulling the mandible straight in (posteriorly) closer to the throat

Front 34

Elevation

Back 34

pulling the mandible up (superiorly) closer to the maxilla

Front 35

Depression

Back 35

pulling the mandible down (inferiorly) away from the maxilla

Front 36

Ulnar flexion

Back 36

tilts the hand toward the little finger

Front 37

Radial flexion

Back 37

tilts the hand toward the thumb

Front 38

Flexion of fingers

Back 38

curling the fingers

Front 39

Extension of fingers

Back 39

straightening the fingers

Front 40

Abduction of the fingers

Back 40

spreading the fingers apart

Front 41

Adduction of the fingers

Back 41

bringing the fingers together again

Front 42

Dorsiflexion

Back 42

elevation of the toes as you do while swinging the foot forward to take a step (heel strike)

Front 43

Plantar flexion

Back 43

extension of the foot so that the toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe (too-off)

Front 44

Inversion

Back 44

a movement in which the soles are turned medially

Front 45

Eversion

Back 45

a movement in which the soles are turned laterally