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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of Muscles |
movement, stability, control of body openings and passageways, heat production, and glycemic control
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Origin
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bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
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Belly
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thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion
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Insertion
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bony attachment at mobile end of muscle
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Action
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the effects produced by a muscle (to produce or prevent movement)
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Four categories of muscle function
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prime mover, agonist, synergist, antagonist, fixator |
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Prime mover
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muscle that produces most of the force during a joint action
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Synergist
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muscle that aids the prime mover by stabilizing nearby joints or modifying the direction of movement |
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Antagonist
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muscle that opposes the prime mover by relaxing to give the prime mover control or preventing excessive movement and injury
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Antagonistic pairs
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muscles that act on opposite sides of a joint
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Fixator
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muscle that prevents movement of a bone
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Muscle name categories (8)
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direction of muscle fibers body region relative position to other muscles muscle size or length multiple origins shape of muscle points of attachment (origin or insertion) action of muscle |
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Flexion
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movement that decreases the joint angle
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Extension
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movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position
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Hyperextension
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further extension of a joint beyond the zero position
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Abduction
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movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
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Hyperabduction
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raising the arm over back or front of the head
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Adduction
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movement of a body part in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
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Hyperadduction
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crossing fingers, crossing ankles
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Elevation
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a movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane
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Depression
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a movement that lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane
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Protraction
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the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
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Retraction
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the posterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
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Circumduction
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one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion/a sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction movements/ex: a baseball player winding up for a pitch
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Rotation
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movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis/rotation of trunk, thigh, head, or arm
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Medial/internal rotation
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rotation turns the bone inwards
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Lateral/external rotation
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rotation turns the bone outwards
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Supination
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forearm movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly or upward (toward anatomical position)/radius moves to become parallel with ulna
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Pronation
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forearm movement that turns the palm to face posteriorly or downward (away from anatomical position)/radius crosses over ulna to form an X
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Lateral excursion
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right or left movement of the mandible from zero position
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Medial excursion
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movement of the mandible back to the zero position after moving left or right
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Protraction
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jutting the mandible straight out (anteriorly) away from the throat
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Retraction
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pulling the mandible straight in (posteriorly) closer to the throat
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Elevation
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pulling the mandible up (superiorly) closer to the maxilla
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Depression
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pulling the mandible down (inferiorly) away from the maxilla
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Ulnar flexion
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tilts the hand toward the little finger
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Radial flexion
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tilts the hand toward the thumb
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Flexion of fingers
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curling the fingers
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Extension of fingers
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straightening the fingers
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Abduction of the fingers
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spreading the fingers apart
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Adduction of the fingers
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bringing the fingers together again
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Dorsiflexion
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elevation of the toes as you do while swinging the foot forward to take a step (heel strike)
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Plantar flexion
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extension of the foot so that the toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe (too-off)
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Inversion
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a movement in which the soles are turned medially
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Eversion
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a movement in which the soles are turned laterally |