Muscle Sys Path Part 1

Front 1

Eosinophilic myositis of cattle and sheep: etiology

Back 1

Unknown; may be associated with degenerating Sarcocysts

Front 2

Eosinophilic myositis of cattle and sheep: gross description

Back 2

green discoloration of muscle which fades to off-white when exposed to air

Front 3

Eosinophilic myositis of cattle and sheep: histologic findings (2)

Back 3

Focal areas of necrosis and eosinophils. Eosinophilic granulomas.

Front 4

Eosinophilic myositis of cattle and sheep: describe the eosinophilic granulomas

Back 4

Necrotic center surrounded by epithelioid and giant cells with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells on the periphery.

Front 5

BOVINE MUSCLE (MICROSCOPIC): Observe the accumulation of eosinophils in the affected muscle. What parasite has been incriminated as a possible cause of this condition in cattle? Name the condition.

Back 5

Eosinophilic myositis of cattle and sheep. Sarcocysts.

Front 6

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: alternative name

Back 6

Masticatory Muscle Myositis

Front 7

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: description

Back 7

acute relapsing myositis

Front 8

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: what breed is it most common in?

Back 8

German Sheppard

Front 9

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: which muscles does it usually affect? (3)

Back 9

muscles of mastication (temporal, zygomatic, masseters)

Front 10

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: 4 CS

Back 10

Difficulty eating. Mouth held partially open. Mandibular immobility and sometimes swelling. Muscles become progressively atrophied after each attack.

Front 11

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: 5 gross findings

Back 11

Swollen and edematous, initially. Dark red. Doughy or hard. Yellow/pale streaks or foci. Atrophy and fibrosis in chronic cases.

Front 12

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: acute microscopic findings (2)

Back 12

Large number of eosinophils and few mononuclear cells, especially plasma cells.

Front 13

Eosinophilic Myositis in Dogs: chronic microscopic findings (3)

Back 13

Mostly plasma cells and fewer eosinophils. Prominent muscle atrophy and fibroplasia.

Front 14

CANINE MUSCLE: Give the name and predisposed breed for this disease.

Back 14

Eosinophilic myositis. German Sheppard.

Front 15

Muscle dystrophy: give two conditions that cause it

Back 15

White muscle disease. Equine rhabdomyolysis.

Front 16

White muscle disease: two species it is most common in

Back 16

calves and lambs

Front 17

White muscle disease: etiology

Back 17

Dams fed a diet deficient in Vitamin E and selenium

Front 18

White muscle disease: 7 other species it is found in

Back 18

Rabbits, swine, chickens, deer, foals, goats, dogs

Front 19

White muscle disease: 5 gross findings

Back 19

Distinct longitudinal striations or pronounced, chalky, white discoloration. Pale. Inelastic. Friable and Dry. Subendocardial plaques.

Front 20

White muscle disease: in which ventricle of lambs are subendocardial plaques most severe?

Back 20

right

Front 21

White muscle disease: in which ventricle of calves are subendocardial plaques most severe?

Back 21

left

Front 22

BOVINE HEART: Observe the pale necrotic foci in the heart of this calf. Remember, in calves there is a tendency for lesions to occur most frequently in the ___ ventricle, whereas the ___ ventricle is chiefly involved in lambs. Give the morphological diagnosis.

Back 22

Left. Right. Severe locally extensive necrotizing myocarditis.

Front 23

DEER MUSCLE (MICROSCOPIC): Give the etiology and name of the condition.

Back 23

Diet deficient in Vitamin E and selenium. White muscle disease.

Front 24

EQUINE MUSCLE: Observe the pale yellowish thigh muscles. Name the condition and give a brief pathogenesis.

Back 24

White muscle disease. Vitamin E and selenium prevent the peroxidation of cell membranes.

Front 25

White muscle disease: pathophysiology

Back 25

vitamin E and selenium protect cellular membranes from free radicals

Front 26

White muscle disease: what do heart lesions cause?

Back 26

sudden death

Front 27

White muscle disease: what do skeletal muscle lesions cause? (3)

Back 27

stiffness, recumbency, and death

Front 28

White muscle disease: microscopic findings. (2) What is number 1? Number 2?

Back 28

Segmental necrosis and regeneration. Necoritc muscle fiber. Macrophages removing dead muscle fibers.

Front 29

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: alternate name

Back 29

Azoturia

Front 30

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: less severe form

Back 30

"Tying up"

Front 31

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: more severe form

Back 31

Paralytic myoglobinuria or "Monday morning disease"

Front 32

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: when does it occur?

Back 32

when exercised after a period of rest, when feed has not been restricted.

Front 33

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: possible predisposition (2)

Back 33

Vitamin E and selenium deficiency

Front 34

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: 5 CS

Back 34

Profuse sweating. Elevated heart rate. Stiffness. Muscles swollen and "board-like". Myoglobinuria.

Front 35

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: 3 gross findings

Back 35

Initially, muscles are salmon pink. After a few days: dark, moist, swollen, well-defined yellowish-gray streaks. In tying-up, the muscles are normal grossly.

Front 36

Equine Rhabdomyolysis: 2 microscopic lesions

Back 36

Hyaline degeneration and necrosis

Front 37

2 parasitic diseases the affect muscle

Back 37

Sarcocystis. Trichinella spiralis.

Front 38

Sarcocystis: etiology

Back 38

Sarcocystis fusiformis

Front 39

Sarcocystis: 3 affected hosts

Back 39

Mammals, birds, and reptiles

Front 40

Sarcocystis: brief description

Back 40

Sarcocystis invade muscle fibers

Front 41

Sarcocystis: usually affect what 4 organs?

Back 41

tongue, heart, esophagus, and diaphragm

Front 42

Sarcocystis: CS

Back 42

none

Front 43

Sarcocystis: T or F. There are still inflammatory cells 5 weeks post infection.

Back 43

F; there are no inflammatory cells

Front 44

Sarcocystis: 2 gross findings

Back 44

In most species, not observable grossly. Sheep, cattle, and ducks - may observe cysts as "white dots" or "streaks".

Front 45

Sarcocystis: histologic findings

Back 45

Groups of organisms that form elongated spindle-shaped structures surrounded by a thick cyst.

Front 46

BUFFALO: Observe the well-defined parasitic foci in skeletal muscles. What is the etiology and name of this disease?

Back 46

Sarcocystis fusiformis. Sarcosporidosis.

Front 47

Give an etiology.

Back 47

Sarcocystis fusiformis

Front 48

Trichinosis: etiology

Back 48

Trichinella spiralis

Front 49

Trichinosis: affected hosts (4)

Back 49

dogs, cats, pigs, and humans

Front 50

Trichinosis: pathogenesis

Back 50

Adults live in intestines. Larvae deposited directly into lymphatics, travel to bloodstream to myocytes.

Front 51

Trichinosis: affinity for active or inactive muscles? List 6 organs/tissues it can affect.

Back 51

Active. Tongue, masseter, diaphragm, intercostal, laryngeal, and eye.

Front 52

Give an etiology for this picture.

Back 52

Trichinella spiralis.

Front 53

Porcine stress syndrome: alternative names (2)

Back 53

Malignant hyperthermia, pale soft exudative myositis

Front 54

Porcine stress syndrome: etiology

Back 54

Halothane gene (ryanodine-receptor gene (RYT1))

Front 55

Porcine stress syndrome: causes (2)

Back 55

due to stress and halothane anesthesia

Front 56

EQUINE: What color horse is this most commonly seen?

Back 56

gray or white

Front 57

CANINE: Which of the two is a lipoma? Which is a liposarcoma? Which of the two is malignant?

Back 57

1. 2. 2.

Front 58

CANINE: Give the name of the condition and whether it is benign or malignant.

Back 58

Rhabdomyosarcoma. Malignant.

Front 59

CANINE: Give the origin of this condition, an alternate name, where it is typically seen, and whether it is benign or malignant.

Back 59

Smooth muscle (mesenchymal). Fibroid tumor. Seen in the uterus. Benign.