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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flexation
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Bending a Joint
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Extension
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Straightening a joint
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Abduction
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Moving a body part (usually a limb) away from the mid line of the body.
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Adduction
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Moving a body part (usually a limb) towards the mid line of the body
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Elevation
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Raising a body part
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Depression
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Lowering a body part
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Rotation
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Moving a body part around its axis
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Protraction
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Moving a body part anteriorly
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Retraction
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Moving a body part posteriorly
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Pronation
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Turning the palm posteriorly; ventral side of torso facing down
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Supination
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Turning the palm anteriorly; ventral side of torso facing up
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Circumduction
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circular (more accurately, conical) movement such as the shoulder joint.
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Opposition
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opposable thumb. tool use
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Inversion
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turning the sole of the foot inward
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Eversion
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turning the sole of the foot outward
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Dorsiflexion
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flexing the ankle such that the superior surface of the foot pulls up toward the shin
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Plantar flexion
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extending the ankle (pointing the toes)
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Functions of Muscular tissue:
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Body movement
Maintenance of posture Respiration Production of body heat Communication Constriction of organs and vessels Heart beat |
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Properties of Muscle:
Contractility |
Ability of a muscle to shorten with force
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Properties of Muscle:
Excitability |
Capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus
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Properties of Muscle:
Extensibility |
Muscle can be stretched to its normal
resting length and beyond to a limited degree |
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Properties of Muscle
Elasticity |
Ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched
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Muscle Tissue
Three types of muscles: |
Skeletal
Smooth Cardiac |
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Skeletal
* Long, cylindrical and multinucleate, attached to bones * Nuclei on cell periphery * Fibers appear striated, voluntary |
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Smooth
* Spindleshaped, no striations, nucleus in cellcenter * Involuntary * Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eye, glands, skin |
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* Heart
* Yshaped, visibly striated, involuntary * Intercalated disks between cells |
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covers whole muscle belly
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Epimysium
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blends into connective tissue that separates
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Epimysium
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slightly thicker layer of connective tissue
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Perimysium
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surrounds a bundle of cells called a fascicle
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Perimysium
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thin layer of areolar tissue surrounding each cell
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Endomysium
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allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers
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Endomysium
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Muscle fibers=
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individual muscle cells
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Fascicle=
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a group of several muscle fibers
joined by connective tissue called endomysium |
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Perimysium=
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connective tissue surrounding each fascicle
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Muscle=
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a group of fasicles surrounded by
a tough layer of connective tissue called epimysium |
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Tendon=
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extension of epimysium from the muscle as a ropelike cord to the bone
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Agonist
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Prime Mover
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Synergist
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Muscles often contract at the same time as the agonist
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Antagonist
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Muscles that oppose the the action of the agonist
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Fixator
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Prevent movement of the bone attached to the origin end of the muscle.
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