Muscle Attachments

Front 1

Deep pectoral muscle

Back 1

Prox: ventral surface of the sternebra and deep abdominal fascia around xiphoid cartilage.

Distal: lesser tubercle of humerus and crest of greater tubercle.

Front 2

Superficial pectoral muscle

Back 2

Prox: First two and part of third sternebra. Cranial, ventral section.

Distal: Cranial border of humerus on crest of greater tubercle.

Front 3

Brachiocephalicus

Back 3

Prox: Dorsal border of cervical vertebra, mastoid process.

Distal: Cranial, distal border of humerus.

Front 4

Sternocephalicus

Back 4

Cranial: Mastoid process and nuchal crest of occipital bone.

Caudal: Manubrium.

Front 5

Sternohyoideus

Back 5

Cranial: basihyoid bone

Caudal: Manubrium and first costal cartilage.

Front 6

Sternothyroideus

Back 6

Cranial: Caudal, lateral surface of thyroid cartilage.

Caudal: First costal cartilage.

Front 7

Omotransversarius

Back 7

Prox: transverse process of atlas.

Distal: Distal/ventral, lateral surface of scapular spine, near acromion.

Front 8

Trapezius

Back 8

Prox: Dorsal side of 3rd cervical vertebra to first 7 or 8 thoracic vertebra.

Distal: Spine of the scapula.

Front 9

Rhomboideus

Back 9

Prox: nuchal crest of occipital bone, median fibrous raphe of neck, first 7 thoracic vertebra.

Distal: Dorsal border of scapula.

Front 10

Latissimus dorsi

Back 10

Prox: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

Distal: Proximal, medial border of humerus.

Front 11

Serratus ventralis

Back 11

Prox: ventral to middle of ribs, transverse processes of last 5 cervical vertebrae.

Distal: Serrated face of scapula (medial), dorsal to subscapularis.

Front 12

Deltoideus

Back 12

Prox: Spine and acromion of scapula.

Distal: deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Front 13

Infraspinatous

Back 13

Prox: infraspinous fossa.

Distal: lateral side of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 14

Teres minor

Back 14

Prox: distal, caudal border of scapula and infraglenoid tubercle.

Distal: lateral side of greater tubercle of humerus.

Front 15

Supraspinatous

Back 15

Prox: supraspinous fossa.

Distal: Cranial border of greater tubercle humerus.

Front 16

Subscapularis

Back 16

Prox: subscapular fossa.

Distal: lesser tubercle of humerus.

Front 17

Teres major

Back 17

Prox: caudal border of scapula.

Distal: Medial border of humerus where latissimus dorsi attaches.

Front 18

Coracobrachialis

Back 18

Prox: coracoid process of scapula.

Distal: medial border of humerus, at distal end of crest of lesser tubercle.

Front 19

Tensor fasciae antebrachii

Back 19

Prox: fascia of lateral side of latissimus dorsi.

Distal: Olecranon.

Front 20

Triceps brachii - long head

Back 20

Prox: Caudal border of scapula

Distal: olecranon

Front 21

Triceps brachii - lateral head

Back 21

Prox: tricipital line of humerus.

Distal: olecranon.

Front 22

Triceps brachii - accessory head

Back 22

Prox: ventral surface of head of the humerus.

Distal: olecranon.

Front 23

Triceps brachii - medial head

Back 23

Prox: Crest of lesser tubercle.

Distal: olecranon.

Front 24

Anconeus

Back 24

Prox: Medial surfaces of supracondylar crests, olecranon fossa.

Distal: Lateral surface of olecranon.

Front 25

Biceps brachii

Back 25

Prox: supraglenoid tubercle.

Distal: proximal, cranial/medial ends of ulna and radius.

Front 26

Brachialis

Back 26

Prox: proximal third of lateral surface of humerus.

Distal: proximal, cranial/medial ends of ulna and radius.

Front 27

Extensor carpi radialis

Back 27

Prox: lateral supracondylar crest of humerus.

Distal: small tuberosities on dorsal surface of proximal ends of metacarpals II and III.

Front 28

Common digital extensor

Back 28

Prox: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Distal: Extensor processes on distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV and V.

Front 29

Lateral digital extensor

Back 29

Prox: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Distal: proximal ends of all phalanges of digits III, IV and V, but mainly extensor processes.

Front 30

Ulnaris lateralis

Back 30

Prox: lateral epicondyle

Distal: Accessory carpal bone and lateral surface of proximal end of metacarpal V.

Front 31

Supinator

Back 31

Prox: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Distal: Cranial border of proximal end of radius.

Front 32

Abductor pollicis longus
(Abductor digiti I longus)

Back 32

Prox: Lateral border and cranial surface of body of the ulna.

Distal: proximal end of metacarpal I.

Front 33

Pronator teres

Back 33

Prox: medial epicondyle of humerus.

Distal: cranial border of radius, proximal end.

Front 34

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 34

Prox: medial epicondyle of humerus.

Distal: palmar side of proximal and of metacarpals II and III.