Muscle And Skeleton Test Review

Front 1

What is a sarcolemma?

Back 1

"muscle husk" -membrane covering striated muscle below the plasma membrane.

Front 2

sarcomere?

Back 2

smallest unit of muscle extends from one Z disc to another

Front 3

sarcoplasm?

Back 3

cytoplasm of muscle fiber. Contains ATP. HOuses binding protein

Front 4

sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Back 4

Network of tubules and sacs found in striated muscle fibers.System stores calcium and releases it for contraction

Front 5

uninucleate?

Back 5

one nucleus

Front 6

striations?

Back 6

stripes, ridges, or grooves

Front 7

endomesium is?

Back 7

means "within a muscle" - lyer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber

Front 8

perimesium is?

Back 8

ensheaths a group of ind. muscle fibers. (10-100) or more into bundles or fascicles

Front 10

synaptic gap is?

Back 10

space between cell membrane of axon terminal and the target cell that it synapses with. They do not touch.

Front 11

neuron is?

Back 11

nerve cell. Any conduction cells of nervous system

Front 12

What does acetylcholine do?

Back 12

transmits nerve impulses in body

Front 13

When is a neurotransmitter released?

Back 13

after arrival of action potential

Front 14

Why is nuerotransmitter released?

Back 14

It aids in contraction.

Front 15

How is nureotransmitter released?

Back 15

When a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal.

Front 16

communuted fracture is?

Back 16

Breaks into many fragments - common w/ older people

Front 17

Compression Fracture is?

Back 17

Crushed bone - common in older people

Front 18

depressed Fracture is?

Back 18

Bone portion pressed inward -typical of skull fracture

Front 19

Impacted Fracture is?

Back 19

Bone ends forced into each other

Front 20

Variance

Back 20

The average of the squared differences from the mean of each score. A measure of how widespread the score distribution is. The square root is the standard deviation.

Front 21

Axial Skeleton includes?

Back 21

Skull, ribs, vertibrae, sacrum
(longitudinal axis)

Front 22

What is the sella turcica?

Back 22

bony structure in skull that houses the pituitary gland.

Front 23

How many cervical vertibrae? (top area by neck)

Back 23

7 - they are smallest and lightest

Front 24

How many thoracic vertibrae ? (middle area -chest)

Back 24

12 - articulate w/ ribs also

Front 25

How many Lumbar vertibrae ? (lower area)

Back 25

5 - massive and block like - strongest

Front 26

Name of discs between vertibrae?

Back 26

intervertibral discs

Front 27

foramina?

Back 27

small opening within a bone

Front 28

what is the atlas?

Back 28

The first cervical vertibrae. Has no body.

Front 29

What is the axis?

Back 29

2nd cervical vertibrae. Acts as a pivot for atlas and skull.

Front 30

What are the Floating ribs ?

Back 30

Last 2 pairs w/ no sternal attachment

Front 31

False ribs are different from floating ribs how?

Back 31

False are 2nd set (8-12) attached to sternum

Front 32

2 function of joints?

Back 32

Hold bones together and skeleton mobility

Front 33

3 types of joints are?

Back 33

fibrous - immovable
cartilaginous -slightly movable to immovable
synovial - freely movable

Front 34

sternum is how many bones

Back 34

3 fused bones -
manubrium , body, xiphoid process

Front 35

what type of bone is breast bone and another name used?

Back 35

flat bone - sternum w/ 3 fused bones

Front 36

What is the manubrium?

Back 36

Body of the sternum bone (middle area)

Front 37

What is the xiphoid process bone?

Back 37

Fused bone of the 3 fused on the sternum

Front 38

Parts of the femur?

Back 38

Thigh bone w/ ball like head, a neck, trochanters (greater and lesser) seperated by intertrochanteric line. Gluteual teberocity (on shaft)

Front 39

What part of femur is common fracture sight?

Back 39

The neck of femur

Front 40

What does amphiaethrosis mean?

Back 40

Slightly movable
(axial skeleton)

Front 41

What does sympathrosis mean?

Back 41

Immovable joints (skull and some axial)

Front 42

What does diathrosis mean?

Back 42

Freely movable
(limbs)

Front 43

What is hematopiesis ?

Back 43

Formation of blood cells

Front 44

What is another word for joints?

Back 44

articulations

Front 45

Where is formation of blood ?

Back 45

In bones w/ red and white blood cells

Front 46

What is effectors?

Back 46

Effects a muscle response, activation muscles or glands

Front 47

What are receptors?

Back 47

They monitor changes in and out of the body.

Front 48

What is an axon?

Back 48

Nerve fiber. Long thread-like extension of neuron.

Front 49

What is a synapse?

Back 49

A junction that clasps or joins where the axon terminal is seperated from next neuron.

Front 50

What is the cerebellum?

Back 50

Hind brain. Produces smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity.

Front 51

What is mid brains?

Back 51

Part of the brain stem (middle part)

Front 52

What is the brain stem?

Back 52

includes mid brain, pons, and medulla oblongata connected to spinal cord.

Front 53

What job does olfactory cranial nerve do?

Back 53

smell

Front 54

What job does optic nerve do?

Back 54

vision

Front 55

What job does oculomotor nerve do?

Back 55

eyelid, eye ball, lens movement and pupil shape

Front 56

What job does the trochlear nerve do?

Back 56

supply motor fibers to external eye muscle.

Front 57

What job does the trigeminal nerve do?

Back 57

sensory impulses, skin, nose mucosa, ACTIVATES chewing

Front 58

What job does the abducens nerve do?

Back 58

rolls eyes laterally (lateral rectus muscle)

Front 59

What is dura mater?

Back 59

outermost layer, leathery, "tough or hard mother" double layered that surrounds brain

Front 60

What 3 connective tissues cover and protect the CNS?

Back 60

Dura mater, Arachnoid, and pia mater

Front 61

What is microglia?

Back 61

Spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris and dead brain cells and bacteria

Front 62

What is ganglia?

Back 62

small collection of cell bodies (Ganglion) found in a few sights outside CNS in the PNS.

Front 63

What are astrocytes?

Back 63

abundant star shaped cells that cling to neurons. Protect nerons from harmful substances, cleans up leaked potassium, captures released neurotransmitters.

Front 64

Where are ependymal cells?

Back 64

Line central cavities of brain and spinal cord.

Front 65

What fluid forms protective cushion around CNS?

Back 65

cerebrospinal fluid fills cavities

Front 66

What does beating cilia do w/ cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 66

circulates fluid to fill cavities

Front 67

What are oligondendroates?

Back 67

GLIA that wraps the flat extensions around nerve fibers, produces fatty coverings called "myelin sheaths"

Front 68

What are myelin sheaths?

Back 68

protects nerve fibers

Front 69

What are 2 varieties of cells that wrap and protect nerve fibers?

Back 69

Shwann cells and Satelite cells

Front 70

What are Shwann cells?

Back 70

forms myelin sheaths around nerve fibers. Found in PNS

Front 71

What are Satelite cells?

Back 71

protective anchoring cells.

Front 72

Which are motor nerves?

Back 72

oculomotor, trochlear,lacrimal, vagus,abducens, trigeminal, facial,

Front 73

Which are sensory nerves?

Back 73

olfactory, optic, trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal

Front 74

What are mixed nerves ?

Back 74

Spinal nerves

Front 75

Sensory or motor nerves found in CNS?

Back 75

Sensory (afferent)

Front 76

What carries only motor fibers?

Back 76

Motor nerves (efferent)

Front 77

What job is vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 77

Balance and hearing

Front 78

What job is the vagus nerve?

Back 78

Larnyx, abdomin and thoracic cavity

Front 79

What job is the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 79

tongue

Front 80

What job is the facial nerves?

Back 80

expression and taste buds

Front 81

What parts of brain make up CNS?

Back 81

brain and spinal cord

Front 82

What job does the PNS do? (Periferal nervous system)

Back 82

System of nerves that connects outlying parts of body with CNS

Front 83

12 cranial nerves rythme

Back 83

Oh, Oh, Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ass Hal

Front 84

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

Back 84

31

Front 85

Spinal nerves broken into 4 sections....

Back 85

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral

Front 86

How many cervical nerves

Back 86

C 1-8

Front 87

How many Thoracic nerves?

Back 87

T 1-12

Front 88

How many Lumbar nerves?

Back 88

L 1-5

Front 89

How many sacral nerves?

Back 89

S 1-4