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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Saggital Plane
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divides the animal into left and right unequal sides
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Median Plane
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Divides animal into equal halves along the spine
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Transverse Plane
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Divides animal into head and tail halves
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Dorsal Plane
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Divides the animal into back and belly (think of the dorsal fin on the back of a dolphin).
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Cranial Direction
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Toward the head
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Rostral Direction
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Toward the nose when referring to the head
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Caudal Direction
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Towards the tail
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Dorsal Direction
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Toward the back
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Ventral Direction
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Towards the belly
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Medial Direction
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Towards the inside of the body-towards the spine for example.
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Lateral Direction
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Towards the outside/side of the body
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Deep Direction
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Towards the center
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Superficial Direction
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Towards the surface
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Proximal Direction
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Towards the body (on an extremity)
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Distal Direction
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Away from the body (on an extremity)
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Describe the levels the body is organized into
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cells--tissues--organs--organ systems
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What are the 4 elements that make up 95% of living tissue
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carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
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Prokaryotes
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cells with no nucleus
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Eukaryotes
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cells with a nucleus
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What are the 3 essential cell structures?
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cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
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What are 2 functions of the cell membrane
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Barrier between the inside cytoplasm and outside environment, Governs the movement of atoms and molecules
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What are the 2 layers in the cell membrane?
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hydrophilic and hydrophobic
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Hyrophobic layer
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1 of 2 layers of the cell membrane -inside layer
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Hydrophilic layer
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1 of 2 layers of the cell membrane-outside layer
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Cilia
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an extension of the cell membrane that propels mucous and debris across the cell surface
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Cytoplasm
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inner substance of the cell
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What are the 3 parts of the cytoplasm?
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Cytosol, Inclusions, Organelles
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cytosol
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fluid inside the cytoplasm that transports intracellular substances, both nutrients and waste
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Organelles
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structures inside the cytoplasm that have specialized functions
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Mitochondria
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an organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell, powerhouse of the cell, creates fuel for most metobolic processes, contains DNA and RNA enzymes to make protein.
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