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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Baroque period dates?
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1600 - 1750
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Define Baroque
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Art that is considered imperfect, eccentric, elaborately ornamented, flamboyant
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What type of music was composed from the Age of Absolutism?
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Opera
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What type of music was composed from the Age of Science?
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Polyphonic work; fugue
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List 3 main institutions for a composer and their respondsibilities.
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Opera House: write operas that showed off composers' talents
Courts: wrote music to entertain court; servant Church: compose own music, play and conduct; in charge of education |
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What is the Doctrine of Affections?
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Striving to achieve the same basic mood throughout a piece
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What four aspects convey the Doctrine of Affections?
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Rhythm: repeated patterns
Melody:repeated as well; unwinding and unfolding Dynamics (terraced): shift is sudden Tempo: stays same throughout movement |
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What is the Basso Continuo?
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Accompaniment made up of a bass part together with (#'s) figures which specifies chords to be played about it
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What 2 instruments does the Basso Continuo use?
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Keyboard (harpsicord & organ) & low melodic (cello & bassoon)
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What are terraced dynamics?
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Volume tends to stay constant for a stretch of time, if it does not change, SHIFT IS SUDDEN
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What were the 2 keyboard instruments of the Baroque Period?
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Harpsicord & Organ
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How many players are in the Baroque orchestra?
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10 - 30 players
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What is the core of the Baroque Orchestra?
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Upper strings & Basso Continuo
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Are the sections in the Baroque orchestra standard or non-standard?
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Non-standard
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Define fugue
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A polyphonic composition based on one main theme called subject
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Define the 4 parts of a fugue.
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Subject: main theme presented in tonic
Answer: main theme presented in dominant Countersubject: accompanies subject Episodes: transitional section between presentations of the subject |
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What is a concerto?
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A work that features a soloist accompanied by an orchestra
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How many movements are in a concerto?
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3 movements
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What is the movement format of a concerto?
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I. Fast II. Slow III. Fast
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What is a concerto grosso?
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Type of baroque concerto in which a large group of soloistes (2-5) is contrasted with a large accompaniment (orchestra)
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How many movements are in a concerto grosso?
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3 movements
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What is the difference between a concerto and concerto grosso?
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A concerto features 1 soloist vs. a concerto grosso features a large group of 2-5 soloists
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What is ritornello?
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1.Return of recognizable material (theme)
2.Alternating between soloist & orchestra (tutti) |
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Define Opera.
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A drama SUNG throughout with orchestral accompaniment. Involves music, poetry, costumes, scenery, and chorus
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What date did the opera start?
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1575
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Who started the opera?
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Floritine Camarata along with a group of poets, nobleman & composers
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What vocal style is the opera based on?
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Recitative
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Define recitatives.
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Halfway between speaking and singing; used for convos to move plot along
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Define Arias.
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Very elaborate vocal solos with orchestral accompanimnet & MANY notes per syllable; singer ususally moves to center stage and sings about feelings
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What is an Overture?
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Instrumental music before an opera that sets up overall mood of whats to follow
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Define Castrato.
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Castrated boy before puberty to retain a high singing voice, but had lung power of full grown man
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When and where was castrati practiced?
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Only in Italy, from 1600 to 1750
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Why was castrati practiced?
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Because women were forbidden on stage (in leading roles) so castrati played both women's part and hero as well.
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Describe Antonio Vivaldi.
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Born in Venice, Italy
"red priest", but left ministry due to illness Worked for Ospedal Della Pieta (School of the Pieta) in Venice Concertos were his specialty |
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Describe George Frederic Handel.
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Born in Germany, studied in Italy, lived last 50 years in England
Wrote operas and oratorios Studied law @ Halle Univ. |
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Describe F. J. Haydn.
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Wrote 104 symphonies "Father of symphonies"
Obtained position of Kapellmeister (conductor of orchestra & choir) at estate of Prince Esterhazy Wrote 12 symphonies for London |
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Describe W.A. Mozart.
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Born in Salzburg, Germany
Child prodigy on keyboard & violin Know for operas, symphonies & concerti wrote over 600 works 41 symphonies |
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What were the dates of the Classical Period?
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1750 - 1820
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What ages are associated with this period?
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Age of Enlightenment & Age of Reason
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What are the differences in mood Classical vs. Baroque?
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Classical mood often shifts vs. Baroque mood is sustained from beginning to end
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What are the differences in rhythm Classical vs. Baroque?
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Classical rhythm is highly flexible vs. Baroque rhythms stay the same
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Waht are the differences in texture Classical vs. Baroque?
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Classical texture is basically homophonic vs. Baroque texture is mostly polyophonic
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What are the differences in melody Classical vs. Baroque?
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Classical melody is tuneful & easy to remember vs. Baroque melody is more elaborate & complicated
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What are the differences in Dynamics Classical vs. Baroque?
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Classical dynamics gradually change (cres. & decres.) vs. Baroque dynamics are terraced
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Describe the pianoforte in 4 ways.
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Hammers covered with leather
No pedals, knee levers to activate dampers Ebony keys are slightly smaller Invented by Christofori |
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What year did the pianoforte become popular?
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around 1775
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How many players are in the Classical Orchestra?
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40 to 60 players
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How many sections are in the Classical Orchestra?
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4 sections
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What does the String section of the Classical Orchestra consist of?
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Violins divided into 1st and 2nd
Violias Cello Bass |
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What does the Woodwind section of the Classical Orchestra consist of?
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2 Flutes
2 Oboes 2 Clarinets 2 Bassoons |
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What does the Brass section of the Classical Orchestra consist of?
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2 Trumpets
2 French Horns No tuba |
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What does the Percussion section of the Classical Orchestra consist of?
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2 Timpani
Cymbals Triangle Snare Bass Drum |
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What is a symphony and how many movenments does it consist of?
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A large orchestral piece in several movements; usually consists of 4 movements
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What is chamber music?
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Music played by small groups, often unconducted
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What is the most popular type of chamber music, and what instruments does it consist of?
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String Quartet, consist of 2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello
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What is a Sonata?
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Multi-movement work for one or more instruments, atleast one movement is in sonata form
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What are the 3 sections of Sonata-form?
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Exposition
Development Recapitulation |
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Haydn was under the patronage of what family?
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The Esterhazy Family
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What were the dates of Mozart?
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1756 to 1791
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What was Mozart's last composition?
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The Requien
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Did Salieri kill Mozart?
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No
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Who was the mysterious stranger in grey?
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Servant of a Count Walsegg
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What is Libretto?
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"text" of the opera, and it needs to be approved
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Where was the opera Abduction from the Seraglio set?
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A harem
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Describe J.S. Bach.
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Many duties, organist, Latin teacher, musical director at municipal churches
wrote nmany sacred and secular works Organ virtuoso |
