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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by development of plaque. What does the plaque do?
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Damages the myelin sheath and blocks impulse transmission between the CNS system and the body.
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What two major courses does MS follow?
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relapsing and remitting
chronic and progressive |
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What prognosis is there for MS?
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There is no cure for the disease.
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What is the typical onset of MS?
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20 to 40 years of age and twice as often in women. (greater risk in those who have a first-degree relative with MS)
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What are trigger factors of exacerbation with MS?
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Virus and infectious agent
Living in cold climate Physical injury Emotional stress Pregnancy Fatigue Overexertion Temp extremes Hot shower/bath |
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis would reflect what kind of results?
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Elevated protein level and a slight increase in WBCs
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What are the S/S of MS?
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Vague and nonspecific
Muscle weakness Bowel dysfunction (ie constipation, fecal incontinence) Muscle spasticity Fatigue (especially of the lower extremities) Cognitive changes (memory loss, impaired judgment) Uhthoff's sign (a temporary worsening of vision and other neuro functions after exposure to heat) Tinnitus, vertigo, decreased hearing acuity Ataxia Dysarthria, dysphagia Diplopia, nystagmus, changes in peripheral vision, decreased visual acuity Paresthesia Bladder dysfunction (areflexia, urgency, nocturia) |
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What are some general areas to assess and monitor with MS?
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Activity tolerance
Speech patterns (ie fatigue with talking) Visual acuity Skin integrity |
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What are some NSG Diagnoses?
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Disturbed sensory perception (visual)
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements Activity intolerance Impaired urinary elimination Fatigue Chronic pain Impaired physical mobility |
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NSG intervention related to bladder elimination
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Encourage fluid intake and other measures to decrease risk of a UTI
Assist client with self-catheterization, bladder pacemaker, or Crede' (which uses manual pressure to expel urine) |
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What is a NSG Intervention r/t cognitive changes?
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Reorient client
Place routine objects in routine places |
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What is a NSG intervention r/t dysarthria?
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Facilitate effective communication with the use of a communication board or a speech language therapist referral.
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What is a NSG intervention r/t disease progression?
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Provide community resources and respite services for the client and family.
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Name immunosuppressive agents for MS, general info of their action, and what to monitor for?
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azathioprine, cyclosporine
reduce the frequency of relapses Monitor for long-term effects |
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Name a corticosteroid for MS, general info of action, and what to monitor for?
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prednisone
reduce inflammation in acute exacerbations Monitor for increased risk of infection, hypervolemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, GI bleeding, and personality changes |
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What are the antispasmodic therapy for MS?
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dantrolene (Dantrium), diazepam (Valium), *baclofen (Lioresal)
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What are two Anticholinergics and used to relieve what symptoms?
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propantheline (Pro-Banthine), oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Urinary frequency and urgency (spastic bladder) |
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What is Lhermitte's sign?
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A transient sensory symptom described as an electric shock radiating down the spine or into the limbs with flexion of the neck.
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Drug Alert - ß-interferon (Avonex, Betaseron, Rebif)
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~Rotate injection sites with each dose
~Assess for depression, suicidal ideation ~Wear sunscreen and protective clothing while exposed to sun ~Know that flu-like symptoms are common following initiation of therapy |
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What treatment is there for tremors of MS that become unmanageable with drugs?
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Thalamotomy surgery
Deep brain stimulation |
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What are exacerbations of MS triggered by?
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Infection (upper respiratory and urinary tract infections)
Trauma Immunization Delivery after pregnancy Change in climate |
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What will a client with a recently diagnosis of MS need assistance with?
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Grieving process
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