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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multiple Sclerosis: What is it? |
Chronic Progressive Disease Multiple de-mylinating lesions (plaques) throughout CNS Recurrent relapses with remissions, although some progressive Plaques interfere with normal nerve impulse along nerve fibre. Site of the lesion + degree of inflamm. leads to a variety of S&S Young adults mainly, more prevalent in women |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms |
Visual Problems (Acuity/Sharpness), Diplopia (double vision) Fatigue Hyperreflexia (over-reactive reflexes) Weakness Ataxia (loss of bodily control + co-ordination) Spasticity Parathesia Dizziness + poor balance Decreased intellectual function |
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Multiple Sclerosis Initial Symptoms |
Limb Weakness 40% Optic Neuritis (Eye pain) 22% Parasthesia 21% Diplopia 12% Vertigo 5% Micturition problems (Urine) 5% |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Types |
Relapsing remitting A - Peaks with nothing between B - Peaks with spaces also affected Secondary progressive A - Starts as A relapsing but then spirals off B - Starts as A relapsing but still has peaks Primary progressive A - X = Y / B - X = Y with peaks Silent/Benign - nothing after initial |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Pathology of Relapse |
Disruption of blood-brain barrier Leakage of inflammatory cells Destruction of oligodendryctes which produce myelin and myelin sheath Disruption of nerve signals |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Triggers and Hypotheses |
Infection? Vaccination? Pregnancy? Trauma? Emotional stress? Environmental factors? Viral? Genetic? Deficincies of Vit. D? A product of both Environmental and Genetic factors |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis |
Clinical History Lumbar puncture to test Cerebral Spinal Fluid for oligoclonal bands which are proteins that indicate inflamm. Nerve conduction tests - potentials through scalp MRI scan |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Disease Modifying Drugs |
Inferon Beta Betaferon, Betaseron, Avonex, Rebif Balance expression of pro and anti-inflamm. agents in the brain and decreases number of inflamm. cells that cross B-Brain Barrier |
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Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment of Symptoms |
Anti-spasticity agents and relaxants (Baclofen, Tinazodine) Anti-depressants Analgesia Drugs to reduce bladder problems Splinting Wheelchairs and Seating Diet Hyperbaric Oxygen Physiotherapy |
