Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
MS predominantly affects the myelin of which system?
|
Central nervous system
|
|
|
What type of cells make myelin in the CNS? A single oligodendrocyte myelinates how many neurons?
|
Oligodendrocyte. 40-100.
|
|
|
The Schwann cells myelinate how many axons? What types of nerves does it myelinate and not myelinate?
|
A single axon. Cranial and spinal nerves; not olfactory and optic.
|
|
|
Where does destruction of myelin occur in MS? What stain is used on myelin?
|
Perivenular areas. Luxol fast blue PAS
|
|
|
What are Dawson's fingers?
|
Finger-like projection areas of demyelination.
|
|
|
How does demyelination in viruses differ from that of MS?
|
It is centered around the oligodendroglia. (PML)
|
|
|
What is a circumscribe area of demyelination called? What does it consist of?
|
a "plaque" with demyelination and inflammatory cells.
|
|
|
What types of cells are in the inflammatory area? Which cells secrete local Ig's? Where do the Ig's accumulate?
|
T lymphocytes, macs, and plasma cells. Plasma cells. In the CSF.
|
|
|
What contributes to the developmt of neurologic dysfxn?
|
Axonal injury
|
|
|
What is a major effect of demyelination? What are the effects on a person that may result?
|
Cessation of nerve conduction. Loss of vision, anesthesia, or paralysis.
|
|
|
This may cause non-organic symptoms in pt's making them seek psychiatric eval?
|
Anomalous (abnormal) conduction b/t neighboring axons.
|
|
|
What are the "shock-like" sensations tha some may experience in MS? When do they normally occur?
|
L'Hermittes phenomenon. Sensations traveling from the region of the spinal cord to upper and lower extremities. Upon neck flexion.
|
|
|
What age group does MS normally occur in? Who usually gets it, M or F?
|
3rd-5th decade. females 3:2(male).
|
|
|
What is the vision loss in one eye called? What is a Marcus-Gunn pupil?
|
Central scotoma. THe pupil has a delayed sluggish response to light.
|
|
|
What is another name for central scotoma?
|
Retrobulbur neuritis.
|
|
|
What does demyelination of the MLF cause? What is the effect? What is the correct dx. for this problem?
|
Diplopia. Failure to adduct for horizontal lateral gaze. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
|
|
|
Motor involvement is assoc'd with what types of signs?
|
UMN: spasticity, hyperreflexia, and extensor plantar responses (pos. Babinski)
|
|
|
What type of sensory disturbance can occur?
|
Tic doloreaux - trigeminal neuralgia.
|
|
|
An inner ear infection may actually be what? Cerebellar dysfxn results in what symptoms?
|
Vertigo. Ataxia and tremors.
|
|
|
85% of pt's display this type of MS with variable amt's of time b/t exacerbations and relapses?
|
Relapsing-remitting course
|
|
|
Half of the R-R course will evolve into this type? 10% will follow this insidious course which is called?
|
Secondary progressive. Primary progressive.
|
|
|
What labs confirm the dx of MS?
|
Non! All clinical.
|
|
|
What else may MS appear to be? (Diff. dx's)
|
Vasculitis of the CNS, sarcoidosis, infections, tumor, etc.
|
|
|
What lab's may aid in dx?
|
CSF IfG is elevated (albumin normal), oligoclonal bands, evoked responses, MRI to see plaques
|
|
|
What genetic HLA haplotypes tend to be represented in this disease?
|
HLA A3, B7, Dw2, DRw3
|
|
|
What climate does it usually occur in? When does one acquire the disease?
|
Temperate. By age 15.
|
|
|
What is used to treat MS?
|
Corticosteroids (immunosuppression), &cyclophosphamide
|
|
|
What is used for a 3 day tx of an acute exacerbation?
|
A high dose IV of methylprednisone.
|
|
|
What drug has been found to dec. the freq. of new exacerbations by 33% and to dec. new MRI lesions?
|
Interferon beta
|
|
|
What drug is used to treat relapsing MS? What chemotherapeutive drug may also treat the relapsing or progressive pt? What is its side effect?
|
Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone). Novantrone (mitoxantrone). Cardiotoxicity.
|
