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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social loafing
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tendency for ppl to exert less effort when they pool their efforts towards a common goal
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cure for social loafing
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channel social forces so the group can serve as a means of intensifying individual responsibility
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social loafing is reduced if
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the task is appealing and challenging
group members are friends indiv knows they have to work wit that group again |
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social loafing in collectivistic
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happens less than indiv
can sometimes enhance individual performance |
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value orientations
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the ways a culture embraces certain key values that contribute to their way of being
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definition of activity
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westerns must always be doing something
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activity must be
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meaningful in the sense that it involves.
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definition of social relations westerners
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Americans value equality and informality in relating to others
eg call prof by 1st name |
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definition of social relations in non westerners
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tend to have a hierarchical social structure that tends to be very formal
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friendships in us
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friendships are formed very easily and are many in number
not necessarily binding or long-lasting |
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traditional cultures friendship
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establish deep trusting long lasting relationshp
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obligations to groups (western)
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are more limitedd
being a leader is given much more value |
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motivation
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if someone is not interested in achievement and competition are healthy, its a cause for concern
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individual worth (under motivation)is associated with
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objective visible materialistic possessionsthe more material possesion one has themore status that person can claim
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perception of the world
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the US views the world as separate and distinct
a physical entity |
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perceptions of the self and inidividual
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the self is seen as separate from the phsysical world and others
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Katz categories of Anglo Amer values & beliefs
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rugged individualism
competition action orientation communication time holidays Protestant work ethics progress & future orientation emphasis on sci method status & power family stucture aesthetics religion |
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rugged individualism
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individual is primary unit
indepenency and autonomy are highly valued |
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competition
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winning is everything
if your not a winner your a loser |
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action orientation
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u must always do something about a situation
utilitarian way of life everything u do serves some sort of purpose |
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communication
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Standard English
have written lang as opposed to oral tradition documents are seeen as extremely important |
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Westerners & eye contact
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symbolized person is paying attention
males overt eyes when listenin & keep contact when speaking women keep more eye contact thhan males |
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time
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signals certain social events in the individuals development
time is a commodity to be valued |
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holiday based on
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white history and male leaders
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protestant work ethics
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hard work brings success
status is increased if u are identified as a hardworker |
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progressive and future orientation
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very future oriented
b4 a chils is born, the future of the child is planned |
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emphasis on scie method
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objective rational linear thinking as opposed to circular
cause and effect relationship btwn variables quantitative analysis |
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status & power
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americans believe they have the best systems inteh world (judicial political & social)
status & power achieved thru academic achievement vocational success and material possessions |
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family structure
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nuclear famiy is ideal social unit
male is head of household patriarchal |
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aesthetics
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music & art are based on european cultures
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religion
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most amer believe in Christianity with little tolerance for deviation
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Hispanic culture
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family education time orientation friendshps work business social behavior interaction style & religion
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Hispanic family
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extended includes no blood relative
gender roles are clearly defined grandparents are important |
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hispanic education
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teachers have high social status
students are field dependent (influenced by the environment) |
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hispanic time orientation
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present oriented
polychronic do many things at once ppl expect delays & late starts |
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hispanic friendships
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considered as important s family
friends for life |
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hispanic work/business
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work on projects not a 9-5
people focussed |
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hispanic social behavior
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involved in frequent social gatherings & parties that include eating drinkin laughin talkin dancing
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gift giving culture
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hispanics (shows appreciation)
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Personal appearance and grooming
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hispanics
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hispanic interaction style
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more formal than US
easily engage in convo wit strangers and expect formlaity in many social & work related situations |
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Asian American
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family:
value conformity reserve deference and humility strong family loyalty guilt & shame used to control fam members |
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hierachy of fam member is Asian American
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father and son at top of hierarchy wife then daughter
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When children being disciplined eys are
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overted (Asian amer)
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public display of affection
Asian American |
immaturity
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Native Amer
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deep respect for ppl
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Tribe and extended family
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comes b4 individual
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elders are (Native Amer)
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respected for wisdomcarry on traditon & culture
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view of world (Native Amer)
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in harmony wt nature no desire to control ilt
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time (Native Amer)
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rise and set ofsun
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humor (Native Amer)
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deal wit uncomfortable situations
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medicine consist of (Native Amer)
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herbs
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African Americans picked up amer views
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Protestant work ethics need for progress continued improvement and Christianity
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African American speakwith
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more affect than Anglos
more direct eye contact Black english fo show comraderie |
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group orientation African American
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group oriented
sensitive to interpersonal matters |
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African American family
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tend to be extended
when father present childrenhave flexible roles |
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time African American
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less rigid with time
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healthy paranoia
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due to racism aware of possibilities or discrimination
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African Americanreligion
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church is social outlet and emotional support
pastor is also counselor |
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natural selection
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evolutionary process by which nature slects trains that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce ina particular environment
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biology
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researches find that there are more similarities among cultures than differences
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conformity
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all cultures tend to show a negative reaction towards strangers
need to belong is so strong taht indiviuals will adopt the attitudes and behviors of the group to ensure acceptance |
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friendships (in general)
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all culrures have friendshps confidentiality is what all culture have
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gender similarities
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men &m women similar in intelligence and experienc e same emotions
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6 universal emotions
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anger disgust sadness surprise happiness fear
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the same facial muscles are asociated with
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each of the 6 emotions
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males are socially
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dominant across all cultures
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males prefer
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younger mates
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females prefer
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older financially stable men to ensure offspring will survive.
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women tend to be
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relationship oriented
has more empathy |
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males tend to be more
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directive in their commands
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Hindu social stucture is known as the
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caste system
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caste system has 4 vanas
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Brahmins (priests, scholars)
Kshatnyas(warrior and ruler) Vaosjuas (importers & trades) Shudras (serfs) |
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Spiritism
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the idea that the living can communicate with spirits that departed
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Santeria
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There are no leaers. There are animal sacrifices along with drumming and dnace
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Shaman
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member of certian tribal societas who mediates between the visible and the spirit worlds fo purpose of healing divination and control
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voodoo
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in west africa signifys wpirit or deity in Haiti it consists of rites beliefs and practices.
vo means introspection du means into the unknown |
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theorigion of voodoo rites have 2 aspects
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1 that its supernatural
2 its geographical |
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african, amercan & haitian voodoo
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african is loving
american is roughand agressive haitian is |
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Ying * Yang
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HEaven and Earth
forces inside that generate feelins in man The body is healthy only when ying and yang hold each other in balance |
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Zen
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refers to the collectedness of mind and mediative state
This refers to Zen Buddhism which is something you life by as oppose to study. |
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Yoga
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exercises that bring yu peace of mind self control and mediation
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aggression across cultures
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described as physical or verbal behavior that is desgined to hurt someone
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2 types of agression
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hostile result from anger
instrumental-used as a means to an end |
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causes of agression
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Freud-instinct to aggress
testosterone alcohol |
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immigrant
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ppl who leave their country to peromantely settle in another
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Mosaic
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Canada policy
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4 largest english speakin democracy
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Australia Canada Great Britain and US
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Spiritism
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the idea that the living can communicate with spirits that departed
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Santeria
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There are no leaers. There are animal sacrifices along with drumming and dnace
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Shaman
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member of certian tribal societas who mediates between the visible and the spirit worlds fo purpose of healing divination and control
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voodoo
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in west africa signifys wpirit or deity in Haiti it consists of rites beliefs and practices.
vo means introspection du means into the unknown |
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theorigion of voodoo rites have 2 aspects
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1 that its supernatural
2 its geographical |
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african, amercan & haitian voodoo
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african is loving
american is roughand agressive haitian is |
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Ying * Yang
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HEaven and Earth
forces inside that generate feelins in man The body is healthy only when ying and yang hold each other in balance |
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Zen
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refers to the collectedness of mind and mediative state
This refers to Zen Buddhism which is something you life by as oppose to study. |
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Yoga
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exercises that bring yu peace of mind self control and mediation
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aggression across cultures
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described as physical or verbal behavior that is desgined to hurt someone
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2 types of agression
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hostile result from anger
instrumental-used as a means to an end |
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causes of agression
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Freud-instinct to aggress
testosterone alcohol |
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immigrant
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ppl who leave their country to peromantely settle in another
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Mosaic
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Canada policy
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4 largest english speakin democracy
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Australia Canada Great Britain and US
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jewish culture
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centers on holidays and fasts
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Middle easterners
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at least once in their life they have to go to Mecca for the Hajj
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American Arabs
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for more than2/3s of a century, over 1/3 of American Arabs have been moving nto metropolitan aread such as LA and Nyc
They are automatically asuumed to be Muslim but 10% of them are actually Christian |
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American Arabs dont believe in
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coursthip rituals so they have arranged marriages
but the divroce rate has risenfrom when they lived in arabia |
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Asiam Americans differ within themselves based on
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acculteration, language, and generation
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Filipino
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the 1st asian culture to migrate. they migragedb/c of the Hawaii Sugar planters association. they experienced discrimination when the 1st 141 of themcame.
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Chinese ar the
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2nd largest group of asian immigrants. whenthey 1st came they searched for goal in california and worked onthe railroad. the exclusion act forbade them to bring over ther wives.
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Japs are the
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3rd gratest amount of asian amer
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Chinese and Japs are the
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forgottonminority b/c they havent received widespread attentionform the public official
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Asian amers (testing)
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dont do that well with tests b/c of the language diff
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Hispanic immigrants
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a lot of them group up in large cities such as LA, NYC and Miami
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MExicans are the
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largest groups of Hispanics inthe US. many mexican's ancestors became US citizens in the 19th century with the acquisition of MExcio by the US
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mexican children
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do poorly in school because they do not spend as much time as the AMerican kids do n skool
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Puerto Rico
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was colonized by Christopher Colombus
almost half of people of Puertorican origin live in the United States and the ones born and raised in theUS speak English rather than spanish |
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Haiti
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take great pride int heir culuture
come to america illegally by way of boat |
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NAtive aMers religion
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is not a belief but has to do with the way they choose to see the world
extended family |
