Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is music?
|
The organization of sound and time within a performance space
|
|
|
What is an interval?
|
The distance between two pitches/tones, denoted by letters.
|
|
|
Do you start on the letter you are counting up from, or on the following letter?
|
The letter you are starting from.
A to F is 6: A, B, C, D, E, F |
|
|
What is an octave?
|
An interval of 8 notes: A to A'
|
|
|
Define Conjunct
|
Smooth and connected notes with small intervals
|
|
|
Define Disjunct
|
Disjointed/disconnected notes with big leaps
(usually sounds more excited) |
|
|
Define Timbre
|
Quality and color of a sound that distinguishes it from other voices
|
|
|
What is rhythm?
|
Sucession of long and short durations + stress/accent
|
|
|
What is meter?
|
Grouping of pulses into a regular pattern
|
|
|
Multimetric/additive rhythm?
|
The grouping changes: 2,2,4
|
|
|
Polyrhythm
|
Several rhythms happening at once
|
|
|
Syncopation
|
Events inbetween pulses (makes the music sound jazzy)
|
|
|
Tempo
|
Speed at which the music moves through time
|
|
|
Adagio
|
Very slow
|
|
|
Andante
|
Walking pace
|
|
|
Allegro
|
Fast
|
|
|
Presto
|
Very fast
|
|
|
Change from one tempo to another:
Slowing down is? Speeding up is? |
Retardando or Diminuedo
Accelerando |
|
|
Whole note
Half note Quarter note Eighth note |
Circle, empty
Circle w/ bar, empty Filled circle with bar Filled circle with flag |
|
|
Art music
|
Music created for own sake
|
|
|
Arab cultural music
|
Difficult to perform and understand
|
|
|
Instruments
|
Voice (preeminent)
Sitar Lute Violin Kni - reed flute Percussion: Tambourin, Tabla (goblet drum), Daff (frame drum) |
|
|
Arab meter
|
Starts on a low note, can be additive
|
|
|
Register
|
General region where notes in a melody lie
|
|
|
Range
|
Distance from highest to lowest tones
|
|
|
Dynamics
|
Degree of loudness or softness
|
|
|
ff - fortissimo
f - forte mf - mezzo forte mp - mezzo piano p - piano pp - pianissimo |
ff - loudest
mf - sort of loud pp - softest |
|
|
crescendo
decrescendo |
getting louder
getting softer |
|
|
subito piano
|
Suddenly soft
|
|
|
melody
|
A coherent (single line) of pitches; notes sounding one after the other
|
|
|
Phrase
|
Denotes a unit of meaning withing a larger structure
A musical sentence |
|
|
Antecendent
Consequent |
The question
The answer |
|
|
Climax
|
Emotional focal point
|
|
|
Cadence
|
Progression that gives sense of conclusion
|
|
|
Sequence
|
Repition of a melodic pattern on a progressively higher or lower level
|
|
|
Countermelody
|
Accompanying melody sounded against principle melody
|
|
|
Articulation
|
The manner of delivery, the way it is played
|
|
|
Staccato
|
detached, separated
|
|
|
Legato
|
Long, smooth, connected
|
|
|
Harmony
|
Simultaneous notes in music
describes movement and relationship of chords and intervals |
|
|
Chord
|
3+ notes played simultaneously
|
|
|
Triad
|
3 pitches built on alternate tones of the scale
1-3-5 |
|
|
Consonance
|
Agreeable combination of musical tones, relaxing
|
|
|
Dissonance
|
Combination of tones that sound unstable and in need of resolution
|
|
|
Block chord
|
notes struck simultaneously
|
|
|
Arpeggio
|
sounding individual notes of a chord one at a time
|
|
|
tonic
|
central tone toward which other tones gravitate
|
|
|
tonality
|
presence of a tonal center
|
|
|
atonality
|
absense of tonal center
|
|
|
scale
|
collection of pitches arranced in ascending or descending order
all the availible pitches |
|
|
Chromatic scale
|
full gamut of notes availible in an octave
|
|
|
What is the smallest step in Western scales?
|
1/2 a step
|
|
|
Major scale
|
whole steps everywhere except between 3-4 and 7-8
|
|
|
Minor scale
|
whole scale everywhere except between 2-3 and 5-6
|
|
|
Diatonic members
|
Refers to the initial defining members, usually 7 pitches (starting line up of a baseball team)
|
|
|
Chromatic members
|
All availible members (like baseball team)
~12 pitches |
|
|
Key
|
A tonic plus a special scale
Tells: tonic and if availible notes will be major or minor |
|
|
Modulation
|
Shift from one key to another
|
|
|
Texture
|
How many layers of sound and how they relate
|
|
|
Monophony
|
Single melodic line without accompanyment
|
|
|
Heterophony
|
Single melodic line simultaneously ornamented and embellished by performers
|
|
|
Homophony
|
One main melody accompanied by chords/subordinate accompanyment
|
|
|
polyphony
|
simul. performance of two melodic lines of equal importance
|
|
|
Polyphony nonimitative
|
not taking motive and copying
|
|
|
Polyphony imitative
|
Same motiff but staggered
Canon - various voices enter at same tonal level Fugue - voices enter varying between tonal and dominant level |
|
|
Ostinato
|
Short musical fragment repeated again and again to serve as musical foundation
|
|
|
Inversion
|
melody played upside down
|
|
|
Retrograde
|
melody played backward
|
|
|
Retrograde Inversion
|
played backward and upside down
|
|
|
Augmentation
Diminution |
same melody but longer notes
same melody but shorter notes |
|
|
Form
|
relationship of ideas, like a map
|
|
|
binary
rounded binary tripartite ternary rondo strophic song |
AB
AB (B makes reference to A) AaBbCc ABA' ABA'CA''DAEA Different lyrics over same melody AABA |
|
|
Percussion
|
sound produced by collision
|
|
|
Tuned Percussion
|
Bells, chimes, marimba, xylophone
*timpani - kettle drum musicians sing into to tune *piano - hammer colliding with string |
|
|
Untuned Percussion
|
Snare drum, bass drum, cymbal, triangle, gong
|
|
|
Strings
|
Violin
Viola Cello Bass |
|
|
Pitch of a string is determined by:
|
1. diameter of string
2. string tension 3. density of string material 4. vibrating string length |
|
|
Woodwinds
|
air moving through a tube with holes
Flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet |
|
|
Brass
|
Vibrating air moving through coiled tubes
Horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba |
