Mtiii Chem 15

Front 1

electrochemical cell

Back 1

generation of electricity through redox rxns carried out in this device

Front 2

voltaic or galvanic cell

Back 2

electrochemical cell that produces electrical current from spon rxns

Front 3

electrolytic cell

Back 3

electrochemical cell that consumes electrical current to drive a nonspon rxn

Front 4

electrode

Back 4

conductive surfaces through which electrons can enter or leave

Front 5

potential difference

Back 5

difference in potential energy (usually in joules) per unit charge (coulombs)

Front 6

Ecell

Back 6

potential difference bw two electrodes in voltaic cell

Front 7

E0cell (standard conditions)

Back 7

potential difference bw two electrodes under standard conditions (1 M, 1 atm)

Front 8

anode

Back 8

in electrochemical cells oxidation, neg

Front 9

cathode

Back 9

in electrochemical cells reduction, pos

Front 10

salt bridge

Back 10

pathway needed by cell so the counterions can flow bw the half-cells wo the solns in the half-cells totally mixing

Front 11

standard hydrogen electrode (the SHE)

Back 11

electrochemical cell dedicated as having zero potential

Front 12

spontaneous redox rxn

Back 12

deltaG<0
Ecell >0
K>1

Front 13

nonspontaneous rxn

Back 13

deltaG>0
Ecell<0
K<1

Front 14

Faraday's Constant

Back 14

the charge that flows in electrochemical rxn in coulombs of 1 mol e-

Front 15

dry-cell batteries

Back 15

batteries that do not contain large amounts of liq water

Front 16

alkaline batteries

Back 16

batteries that employ slightly different half-rxns in basic mediu,

Front 17

lead-acid batteries

Back 17

batteries that consist of six electrochemical cells wired in a series

Front 18

fuel cell

Back 18

the rcts (fuel provided from external source) constantly flow through this battery, generating electrical current as they undergo redox rxn

Front 19

electrolysis

Back 19

the effect taking place in an electrolytic cell- electrical current drives an otherwise nonspon rxn

Front 20

electrochemical cell (electrode rxns)

Back 20

anode-oxidation
cathode-reduction
in this category of cell

Front 21

voltaic cells (electrode rxns)

Back 21

anode source of e- and has neg charge
cathode draws e- and has pos charge
in this type of cell

Front 22

electrolytic cells (electrode rxns)

Back 22

e- drawn away from anode, which must be connected to the positive terminal of external power source
e- forced to cathode, which must be connected to the negative terminal of the power source
in this type of cell

Front 23

product of electrolysis: pure molten salts

Back 23

anion is oxidized and cation is reduced after electrolysis

Front 24

product of electrolysis: mixture of cation and anions

Back 24

cation most easily reduced (more pos Ecell) is reduced first
anion most easily oxidized (more neg Ecell) is oxidized first
electrolysis

Front 25

product of electrolysis: aqueous solns

Back 25

cations of active metals (not easily reduced) cannot be reduced from aq solns by electrolysis bc water is reduced at a lower voltage

Front 26

corrosion

Back 26

gradual oxidation of metals when exposed to ox agents in environment
oxidation of metals spontaneous for metals below oxygen

Front 27

quartz

Back 27

3D structure of formed by and Si atom covalently bonded with an O atom covalently bonded to another Si atom

Front 28

silica

Back 28

forumla unit of quartz, SiO2

Front 29

aluminosilicates

Back 29

when an SiO2 unit becomes AlO_2^- upon substitution

Front 30

pyrosilicates

Back 30

silicate tetrahedron in which two tetrahedrons share one corner forming the disilicate ion (Si2O_7^6-)

Front 31

disilicate ion

Back 31

Si2O_7^6-

Front 32

orthosilicates

Back 32

single silicate tetrahedron (SiO_4^4- polyatomic ion)

Front 33

pyroxenes

Back 33

silicon tetrahedron in which many tetrahedrons bond together creating chains (repeating SiO_3^2- unit)

Front 34

silica chains

Back 34

held together by ionic bonding to metal cations that lie bw the chains

Front 35

boranes

Back 35

compounds composed of boron and hydrogen

Front 36

closo-boranes

Back 36

BnHn2-
form fully closed polyhedrons with triangular sides
B atom with attached H atom occupies each of the vertices

Front 37

nido-boranes

Back 37

nido-net
BnH(n+4)
cage of boron atoms missing one corner

Front 38

arachno-boranes

Back 38

BnH(n+6) cage of boron atoms that is missing two or three corners

Front 39

graphite

Back 39

flat sheets on carbon atoms bonded together as interconnected hexagonal rings
covalent bonds within sheets are strong, interactions bw sheets are weak

Front 40

diamond

Back 40

carbon atoms connected to four other carbon atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron
3D, network of covalent bonds

Front 41

coal

Back 41

forms form decomp of ancient plant material (carbonization process)

Front 42

soot

Back 42

amorphous form of carbon that forms during incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

Front 43

carbon black

Back 43

fine, powdered form of carbon
component of soot
buckminsterfullerene structure

Front 44

buckminsterfullerene structure

Back 44

C60
atoms form 5- and 6-membered carbon rings wrapped into a 20-sidede icosohedral structure

Front 45

nanotubes

Back 45

sheets of interconnected C6 rings that assume the shape of a cylinder.

Front 46

Haber-Bosch process

Back 46

main industrial process for making ammonia and fixing nitrogen

Front 47

what contributes the most to the hybrid structure (formal charge)

Back 47

;east amount of overall formal charge