Mtel General Curriculum Language Arts

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Modern English developed from the language of:

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Angles
Saxons
Jutes

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Anglo Saxon

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Old English

best known example - Beowulf

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Normans spoke:

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Anglo Norman

A german influenced dialect of French

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Anglo Norman Gradually developed into:

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Middle English

best known example - Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

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The printing press was developed in:

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The sixteenth century

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Two major changes brought forth by the printing press were:

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ready availability of books spread classical learning.

Widespread literacy led to greater standardization of spelling.

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Works in Early Modern English include

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Shakespeare, John Donne and John Milton.

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American english included:

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Words from other languages:
Ranch, Canyon (spanish) Bayou, prairie(french) boss, cookie (dutch), okra, banjo(west african), possum ,squash (indigenous american)

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Spoken American English is characterized by:

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Regional differences

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Colloquial diction is:

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The language used in everyday conversation and informal writing.

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Formal diction is:

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used in academic, business, and journalistic writing. Formal diction is characterized by more rigorous rules.

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Technical diction:

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employs specialized vocabularies and usages and is used in many sciences, medicine, and law.

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Linguistics

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The structure and use of language.

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Phonetics


Morphology

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the properties of speech sounds


The structure of individual words

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Syntax

Semantics

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The way words are ordered in statements

The relationship of words to their meanings

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Nouns

pronouns

Verbs

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persons, places, things, or ideas

take the place of nouns, but do not name specific things

express actions or states of being

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adjectives

adverbs

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modify nouns or pronouns

modify verbs adjectives or other adverbs

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conjunctions

interjections

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link sentence elements

express strong feelings on their own without naming things or modifying other words.

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Subject

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names the main thing or person in the sentence.

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Predicate

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names the subject's actions, relationships, or characteristics.

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Sentences are also composed of

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Phrases and clauses

subject and predicate

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Phrase

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a word group that lacks either a subject or a predicate

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Clauses contain

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all the grammatical elements of a complete sentence.

Two kinds of clauses are dependent and independent

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Independent clauses


Dependent clause

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can stand alone as sentences.


cannot stand alone as a sentence.

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Declarative sentence

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make statements of fact or opinion.

ends with a .

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Imperative sentence

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expresses commands.

ends with a !

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Interrogative sentence

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ask questions.

ends with a ?

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Subjunctive sentence

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express wishes, desires, doubts or suppositions.

ends with a .

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Simple sentence

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a single independent clause

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Compound sentence

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made of of two or more independent clauses.

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Complex sentence

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composed of an independent clause modified by one or more dependent clauses

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Compound-complex sentence

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two or more independent clauses modified by one or more dependent clauses.

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The foundation for the literary tradition that has produced much of British and NorthAmerican literature.

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Greek and Roman texts.

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The Greek archaic period produced the works attributed to:

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Homer(epics), Hesiod and Sappho (poetry)

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Authors of the Classical (Hellenic 500-323bc)period

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Sophicles, Aristophanes, Uripedes,Aeschylus, Plato, Aristotle and Heroditus.

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Hellenistic Period

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323-30 bc

Menander, Euclid

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Early English Literature

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Beowulf 800-1000ad


Canterbury Tales 1300's

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Early Modern British

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1500's-1600's
Shakespeare
Ben Johnson
John Donne
Andrew Marvell
George Herbert
John Milton

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Neoclassicism

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The revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music

1700' and 1800's

Alexander Pope, John Dryden, John Grey

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Romanticism

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A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual

1700's and 1800's

William Blake,(poet), William Wordsworth(poet), Samuel Taylor Coleridge(poet), John Keats (poet), Deniel Defoe (novelist), Henry Fielding (novelist), Jane Austen (novelist), Marry Shelley (novelist)

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Victorian and modernist periods

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1800's and 1900's
Poets: Tennyson
Barrett
Browing
Hopkins
Hardy
Eliot
Thomas
Novelists:
George Eliot
Joseph Conrad
James Joyce
DH Lawrence
Virginia Wolfe

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Genre

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Distinctive type of literary text.

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Genres:

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Lyric poem
epic poem
Novel
Literary sketch
Personal essay
Tragic Drama
Comic drama

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Poetry:

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writing that uses meter, rhyme, symbolism and figurative language and is intended to inspire the imagination or provoke reflection

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Epic poem

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Lengthy. Celebrate heroic deeds, philosphical ideas, and historical events.

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Lyric poem

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Is short and expresses a poet's personal thoughts.

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Ballads

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narrative poems that were originally sung

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Elegies

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Commemorate the life of someone who has died.

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Medieval British Literature

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Canterbury Tales 1300's