Mt Module 4 Class 3

Front 1

the "working" parts of the urinary system:

Back 1

two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, one urethra

Front 2

the main function of the urinary system is the...

Back 2

formation and removal of urine

Front 3

the kidneys also manufacture substances that result in changes in other parts of the body. As an example, the kidneys release renal erythropoietin that has an influence on the production of...

Back 3

red blood cells

Front 4

We can survive with one functioning kidney, but we are more efficient if we have 2. The kidneys are...

Back 4

bean-shaped organs which lie against the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, just above the waistline

Front 5

root word meaning kidney

Back 5

nephr

Front 6

root word meaning "pelvis" of the kidney

Back 6

pyelo

Front 7

root word meaning "pertaining to the kidney"

Back 7

renal

Front 8

basin or collection area within the kidney

Back 8

renal pelvis

Front 9

tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder (The term literally means "to make water")

Back 9

ureter

Front 10

place where the ureter leaves the renal pelvis

Back 10

ureteropelvic junction

Front 11

space that holds urine; "chalice or cup"

Back 11

calyx

Front 12

outside part of the kidney

Back 12

cortex

Front 13

center of the kidney

Back 13

medulla

Front 14

structural and functioning unit of the kidney (These structures are so small i is impossible to see them without a microscope)

Back 14

nephron

Front 15

basin in the kidney that collects urine from the calyx and drains it into the ureter

Back 15

renal pelvis

Front 16

the functioning unit of kidney

Back 16

nephron.

Front 17

inside each nephron is...

Back 17

a glomerulus and a collecting tubule that carries urine to the kidney

Front 18

there are how many nephrons in each kidney...

Back 18

one million. Just think of these nephrons as tiny, very sophisticated manufacturing plants.

Front 19

collection of capillaries in the nephron that resembles a small ball of yarn

Back 19

glomerulus

Front 20

small tubes that make up the system by which urine flows through the nephron

Back 20

tubules

Front 21

section of tubes closest to the glomerulus

Back 21

proximal convoluted tubules

Front 22

loop that connects the proximal tubule with the distal tubule

Back 22

Loop of Henle

Front 23

tube that collects and carries urine from the tubules to the calyx of the kidney

Back 23

collecting duct

Front 24

process in which the glomerulus acts as a filter to begin the process of removing the by-products of body metabolism from the blood

Back 24

glomerular filtration

Front 25

process in the system of tubules by which certain products are eliminated and certain products are reabsorbed (This is the area where the water content and concentration of by-products occurs.)

Back 25

tubular reabsorption and secretion

Front 26

there are how many ureters?

Back 26

2; one attaches to each kidney. they attach at the base of the renal pelvis

Front 27

the renal pelvis has the _____ shape of a _____

Back 27

triangular shape of a funnel. This funnel allows urine to drain into the connecting tube or ureter.

Front 28

the ureters take urine to the big receptacle we call the...

Back 28

bladder

Front 29

the ureters attach to the ____ at the ______

Back 29

to the bladder at the trigone

Front 30

after the urine leaves the bladder, it flows through another tube called the....

Back 30

urethra

Front 31

urine starts its formation in the...

Back 31

kidney as it progresses through the nephrons.

Front 32

the nephrons of a normal, healthy person have the ability to filter out and...

Back 32

reabsorb the amount of water and other blood elements needed to meet an individual's body requirements

Front 33

the urinary bladder is an organ resembling a ____

Back 33

bag. It's function is to store urine.

Front 34

If urine is formed in the kidneys and there are no obstructions to its passage, it flows into the...

Back 34

bladder. When the bladder becomes full enough to be stretched, we have the sensation to empty our bladders or to void.

Front 35

without our bladder, we would constantly dribble urine. Another function of the bladder is as a protection to the...

Back 35

kidneys to outside bacteria

Front 36

our bladders are controlled by the...

Back 36

parasympathetic nervous system. The center of activity is the spinal cord.

Front 37

sac or organ that is the receptacle for fluid-urine

Back 37

bladder

Front 38

root word meaning "bladder"

Back 38

cysto

Front 39

triangular internal surface of the posterior wall of the bladder

Back 39

trigone

Front 40

small opening or mouth of the urethra as it leaves the bladder

Back 40

urethral orifice

Front 41

pertaining to the bladder

Back 41

vesical

Front 42

the tube or "pipe" that carries the urine to the outside of the body

Back 42

urethra

Front 43

in females, the urethra carries only urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra is ...

Back 43

very short in the female and lies anterior to the vaginal opening

Front 44

the male urethra has two separate functions:

Back 44

it conveys urine to the outside of the body, and at a different time serves as a passageway for semen

Front 45

system involving the reproductive and urinary organs

Back 45

genitourinary

Front 46

opening of the urethra to the outside of the body

Back 46

urethral meatus

Front 47

the action of the urinary bladder is under the influence of...

Back 47

the voluntary and involuntary nervous systems

Front 48

condition in which there is an increased amount of urine carried through to the bladder

Back 48

diuresis

Front 49

to pass urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Back 49

urinate

Front 50

to "make water" as in urination

Back 50

micturate

Front 51

to empty the bladder

Back 51

void

Front 52

absence of urine

Back 52

anuria

Front 53

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Back 53

cystitis

Front 54

involuntary passing of urine

Back 54

enuresis

Front 55

this is a condition in which there is permanent disease of the kidney

Back 55

ESRD - end stage renal disease

Front 56

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys

Back 56

glomerulonephritis

Front 57

condition in which there is "sugar" or glucose in the urine

Back 57

glycosuria

Front 58

condition in which there is blood in the urine

Back 58

hematuria

Front 59

condition in which the person is unable to "hold" his urine

Back 59

incontinent

Front 60

presence of stones in the kidney

Back 60

nephrolithiasis

Front 61

condition in which there is decreased functioning of the bladder caused by an injury to the nerves controlling urination

Back 61

neurogenic bladder

Front 62

frequent urination during the night

Back 62

nocturia

Front 63

involuntary urination that occurs at night

Back 63

nocturnal enuresis

Front 64

production of a scant or small amount of urine

Back 64

oliguria

Front 65

inflammation of the kidney pelvis

Back 65

pyelonephritis

Front 66

condition in which a person has frequent and excessive episodes of thirst (This is usually accompanied by polyuria - urinating many times). It is also called frequency

Back 66

polydipsia

Front 67

kidney stones which is also known as nephrolithiasis

Back 67

renal calculi

Front 68

kidney stops filtering or forming urine

Back 68

renal failure

Front 69

waste products normally found in urine, are not filtered through the kidney and remain in the blood

Back 69

uremia

Front 70

removal of the bladder

Back 70

cystectomy

Front 71

measurement of the efficiency and capacity of the urinary bladder

Back 71

cystometry

Front 72

passing of a viewing device into the bladder for visualization of the inside of the bladder

Back 72

cystoscopy

Front 73

drug used to cause an increased flow of urine

Back 73

diuretic

Front 74

procedure in which blood from an individual is shunted through a special device in which waste products are separated out and removed from the blood (The cleaned blood continues through the device and is sent back to the individual.)

Back 74

hemodialysis

Front 75

method of separating out waste products by special procedures utilizing the peritoneal cavity and membrane (There is a constant flow of solution into and out of the peritoneal cavity.)

Back 75

peritoneal dialysis

Front 76

x-ray of the kidney pelvis following injection into a vein of a radiopaque substance. (This test may be eliminated in the not too distant future because of advances in digital imaging technology)

Back 76

intravenous pyelogram

Front 77

act of taking a kidney from a donor and surgically implanting it into a recipient

Back 77

kidney transplant

Front 78

removal of the kidney

Back 78

nephrectomy

Front 79

cutting into the kidney to remove stones

Back 79

nephrolithotomy

Front 80

substance potentially damaging to the kidney

Back 80

nephrotoxic