Mt Digestive Diseases/disorders/terms

Front 1

appendicitis

Back 1

inflammation of the appendix

Front 2

cholangioma

Back 2

bile duct tumor

Front 3

cholecystitis

Back 3

gallbladder infection

Front 4

choledocholithiasis

Back 4

stones in the common bile duct

Front 5

cholelithiasis

Back 5

gallstones

Front 6

diverticulitis

Back 6

inflammation of the diverticulum (swelling of an abnormal pouch in the intestinal wall)

Front 7

diverticulosis

Back 7

condition of having diverticula

Front 8

dysphagia

Back 8

difficulty swallowing

Front 9

esophagitis

Back 9

esophageal inflammation

Front 10

gastritis

Back 10

stomach inflammation

Front 11

gastroenteritis

Back 11

stomach and intestine inflammation

Front 12

gingivitis

Back 12

gum inflammation

Front 13

hepatitis

Back 13

liver inflammation

Front 14

hepatoma

Back 14

liver tumor

Front 15

pancreatitis

Back 15

pancreatic inflammation

Front 16

peritonitis

Back 16

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 17

polyposis

Back 17

condition of having multiple polyps

Front 18

sialolith

Back 18

salivary stone gland

Front 19

uvulitis

Back 19

uvula inflammation

Front 20

apthous ulcers (canker sores, stomatitis)

Back 20

recurrent blister-like sores that break and form lesions on the oral mucous membranes. Stress/fever/food allergies can contribute.

Front 21

herpes labialis (cold sores, fever blisters)

Back 21

blister-like sores caused by the herpes simplex virus that occur on the lips and nearby tissue

Front 22

cleft lip

Back 22

congenital defect resulting in a deep fissure of the lip running upward to the nose

Front 23

cleft palate

Back 23

congenital fissure of the palate that involves the hard palate and/or soft palate and upper lip

Front 24

bruxism

Back 24

involuntary teeth grinding

Front 25

dental caries (tooth decay)

Back 25

infectious disease that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth

Front 26

periodontal disease (periodonitis)

Back 26

inflammation of the tissue that surround and support the teeth

Front 27

plaque

Back 27

bacteria containing soft deposits that build up on the teeth and can lead to dental caries and periodontal disease

Front 28

gingivitis

Back 28

gum inflammation. Earliest stage of periodontal disease.

Front 29

halitosis

Back 29

bad breath caused by either dental disease or respiratory/gastrointestinal disease

Front 30

temporomandibular disorders (TMJ, TMD)

Back 30

group of complex symptoms including pain, headache, or difficulty chewing related to malfunction of the temporomandibular joint

Front 31

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 31

upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

Front 32

esophageal varicies

Back 32

enlarged and swollen veins at the distal end of the esophagus. Severe bleeding can occur of these ruptures.

Front 33

hiatal hernia

Back 33

protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal sphincter in the diaphragm

Front 34

gastritis

Back 34

inflammation of the stomach

Front 35

gastroenteritis

Back 35

inflammation of the stomach and intestines (esp small intestines)

Front 36

duodenal ulcer

Back 36

peptic ulcers that occur in the upper part of the small intestine

Front 37

gastric ulcer

Back 37

peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach

Front 38

perforating ulcer

Back 38

erosion through the entire thickness of the organ wall

Front 39

dyspepsia

Back 39

indigestion; impairment of digestion

Front 40

emesis

Back 40

vomiting; to expel contents from the stomach out of the mouth

Front 41

hematemesis

Back 41

vomiting blood

Front 42

hyperemesis

Back 42

excessive vomiting

Front 43

nausea

Back 43

sensation of having an urge to vomit

Front 44

regurgitation

Back 44

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

Front 45

colorectal cancer

Back 45

common form of GI cancer that typically manifests itself as polyps in the colon

Front 46

polyp

Back 46

tumor-like extension of the mucous membrane that is typically benign. Common sites are nose, throat, and intestines.

Front 47

adhesion

Back 47

growing together of two surfaces that are normally separated

Front 48

ileus

Back 48

partial or total obstruction of the intestine caused by inadequate peristalsis (rippling movement of muscles in intestines)

Front 49

intussuseption

Back 49

telescoping of one part of the intestine into the opening of the immediately adjacent body structure

Front 50

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon

Back 50

disorder of the motility of the entire GI tract characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, gas, constipation, and/or diarrhea

Front 51

Crohn disease

Back 51

chronic autoimmune disorder involving the GI tract most commonly creating scarring and thickening of the walls of the ileum, colon, or both

Front 52

ulcerative colitis

Back 52

inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers

Front 53

volvulus

Back 53

twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction

Front 54

bowel incontinence

Back 54

inability to control the excretion of bowel contents

Front 55

constipation

Back 55

decreased frequency of the passage of stool or difficulty passing hard, dry stools

Front 56

diarrhea

Back 56

abnormal frequency of loose or watery stools which can result in dehydration

Front 57

hemorrhoids

Back 57

enlarged veins in or near the rectum/anus that can cause bleeding and pain

Front 58

melena

Back 58

the passage of black stools containing digested blood

Front 59

cirrhosis

Back 59

progressive degenerative disease of the liver resulting in hepatic failure

Front 60

hepatomegaly

Back 60

enlargement of the liver

Front 61

jaundice

Back 61

yellow discoloration of the skin caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

Front 62

Hepatitis

Back 62

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus or toxic substances

Front 63

Hepatitis A (HVA) and E (HVE)

Back 63

transmitted by contaminated food and water. A: aka infectious hepatitis, E: more severe liver damage

Front 64

Hepatitis B (HVB)

Back 64

also known as serum hepatitis, transmitted through direct contact with blood or body fluids contaminated with the virus

Front 65

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Back 65

bloodbourne virus that can be present for years and destroy the liver before any symptoms are present. HCV found most often in those who received a blood transfusion before 1992.

Front 66

Hepatitis D (HVD)

Back 66

bloodborne and no vaccination exists

Front 67

anorexia

Back 67

lack or loss or appetite

Front 68

anorexia nervosa

Back 68

disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat with resulting emaciation (wasting) from and abnormal fear of becoming heavy

Front 69

bulimia nervosa

Back 69

disorder characterized by binging and purging (vomiting or laxative abuse)

Front 70

dehydration

Back 70

condition of fluid depletion, fluid loss exceeds fluid intake

Front 71

malnutrition

Back 71

lack of proper food or nutrients in the body

Front 72

pica

Back 72

eating disorder in which there is persistent eating of non-nutritional substances like clay. Most often associated with pregnancy.

Front 73

obesity

Back 73

excess accumulation of fat in the body

Front 74

acid blockers

Back 74

medications that block the effect of histamine which signals the stomach to produce acid

Front 75

antiemetic

Back 75

medication that prevents or relieves nausea/vomiting

Front 76

emetic

Back 76

medication that produces vomiting

Front 77

laxatives

Back 77

medications that produce bowel movements

Front 78

oral rehydration therapy

Back 78

treatment on which a solution of electrolytes is given orally to counteract dehydration

Front 79

esophagoplasty

Back 79

surgical repair of the esophagus

Front 80

extraction

Back 80

dentistry term referring to the surgical removal of a tooth

Front 81

gingivectomy

Back 81

surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

Front 82

maxillofacial surgery

Back 82

surgery to correct jaw and face deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries

Front 83

palatoplasty

Back 83

surgical repair of a cleft palate

Front 84

uvulectomy

Back 84

excision of the uvula

Front 85

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Back 85

surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx generally done to correct obstructive sleep apnea

Front 86

gastrectomy

Back 86

removal surgically of all or part of the stomach

Front 87

nasogastric intubation

Back 87

the placement of a tube through the nose and into the stomach

Front 88

bariatric surgery

Back 88

used to treat obesity with BMI greater than 40. Root words bar (weight) and iat/r (treatment). Small stomach pouch is created that restricts the amount of food to be ingested.

Front 89

3 types of bariatric surgery

Back 89

1. vertical banded gastroplasty
2. gastric banding (lapband)
3. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (most common)

Front 90

abdominoplasty

Back 90

surgical repair of the abdomen

Front 91

appendectomy

Back 91

excision of the appendix

Front 92

colectomy

Back 92

excision of the colon

Front 93

colostomy

Back 93

creation of an artificial opening into the colon; temporary or permanent; treatment for bowel obstruction, cancer, inflammatory conditions, or diverticulitis

Front 94

diverticulectomy

Back 94

excision of the diverticulum

Front 95

hemicolectomy

Back 95

excision of half of the colon

Front 96

ileostomy

Back 96

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum

Front 97

laparotomy

Back 97

incision into the abdomen

Front 98

polypectomy

Back 98

polyp excision

Front 99

anoplasty

Back 99

surgical repair of the anus

Front 100

proctectomy

Back 100

surgical removal of the rectum

Front 101

proctoplexy

Back 101

surgical fixation of the rectum to the adjacent tissue or organ

Front 102

proctoplasty

Back 102

surgical repair of the rectum

Front 103

hepatectomy

Back 103

surgical removal of all or part of the liver

Front 104

hepatorrhaphy

Back 104

to suture the liver

Front 105

liver transplant

Back 105

option for a patient whose liver is diseased for reasons other than cancer. The liver regenerates so only a partial transplant may be adequate.

Front 106

cholodocholithotomy

Back 106

incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone

Front 107

cholecystectomy

Back 107

excision of the gallbladder