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243 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BONUS:
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30-40,000 cells
850 grams Susan |
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comedo
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a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebus and keratin in a hair follicle
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seborrhea
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overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum
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diaphoresis
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profuse sweating
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folliculitis
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an inflammation of the hair follicles
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hirsutism
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the presense of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern
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alopecia
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baldness, the partial or complete loss of hair
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koilonychia
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spoon nail, a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl or a spoon
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onychocryptosis
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ingrown toenail
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onychomycosis
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a fungal infection of the nail
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paronychia
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an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
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albinism
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a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence or pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eye
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chloasma
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a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face, often occurring during pregnancy
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vitiligo
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a skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes, white skin present
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ecchymosis
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bruise, a large irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
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purpura
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the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
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petechiae
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very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter, usually resulting from high fevers
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hematoma
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a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues often caused by injury
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macule
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a discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter, freckles, flat moles
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papule
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a small, raised red lesion that is less than .5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus. small pimples/insect bites
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verrucae
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warts, small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papilloma virus
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wheal
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welt, a small bump that itches
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bulla
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a large blister that is usually more than .5 cm in diameter
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strawberry hemangioma
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a soft, raised, dark reddish purple birthmark
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dermatitis
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an inflammation of the skin
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eczema
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a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis that is usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding
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pruritus
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itching, associated with most forms of dermatitis
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erythema
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redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
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erythroderma
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abnormal redness of the entire skin surface
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exfoliative dermatitis
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a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss
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ichthyosis
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a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin due to shedding/production process
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lipedema
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a chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs
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lupus erythematosus
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an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk
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psoriasis
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a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks
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rosacea
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adult acne, characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels
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scleroderma
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an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
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urticaria
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hives, itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction
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xeroderma
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excessively dry skin
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carbuncle
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a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
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cellulitis
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an acute, rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks
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furuncles
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boils, large tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
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impetigo
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a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children
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necrotizing fasciitis
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a severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria
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tinea
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ringworm, a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails
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pediculosis
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an infestation with lice
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scabies
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a skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite, which causes small, itchy bumps and blisters due to tiny mites that burrow into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs
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cicatrix
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a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
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granuloma
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a general term used to describe small, knot-like swellings of granulation tissue in the epidermis
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keloid
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an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the incision
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keratosis
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any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
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lipoma
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a benign, slow growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
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papilloma
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a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epitheial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder
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actinic keratosis
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a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin
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squamous cell carcinoma
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originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium and can often spread
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malignant melanoma
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a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes
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exfoliative cytology
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a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
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debridement
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the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infecction and to promote healing
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blepharoplasty
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the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing excess fat, skin, and muscle
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rhytidectomy
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facelift, the surgical removal of excess skin and fat around the face to eliminate wrinkles
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alopecia areata
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AA
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basal cell carcinoma
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BCC, BCCA
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cauterization
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caut-destruction of tissue by burning
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cryosurgery
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CRYO
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debridement
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debm
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eczema
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Ecz, Ez-recurring dermatitis
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lupus erythematosus
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LE
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malignant melanoma
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MM, mm
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necrotizing fasciitis
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NF
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psoriasis
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PS, Ps
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sclerotherapy
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ST-treats spider veins
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squamous cell carconoma
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SCC
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anesthetics
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applied to skin to deaden pain and induce anesthesia
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antibiotics
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kills bacteria
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antiparasites
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kills parasites
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antipruritic
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reduce itching
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antiviruals
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herpes
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corticosteroid
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adrenal cortex secretions (aldosterone, androgens, cortisol)
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leptin
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a hormone secreted by adipocytes (fat cells), regulates food intake/energy expenditure
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hypercrinism
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a condition due to excessive secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female
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interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
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stimulates ovulation in the female and production of testosterone in the male
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luteinizing hormone
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stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone, stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male
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antidiuretic hormone
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maintains the water balance within the body by promoting the reabsorption of water through the kidneys
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oxytocin
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stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
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acromegaly
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abnormal enlargement of the extremities that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
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gigantism
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abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty
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hyperpituitarism
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pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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pituitarism
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any disorder of pituitary function
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pituitary adenoma
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a slow growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland
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prolactinoma
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a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin
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diabetes insipidus
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caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropraitely to this hormone
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pinealoma
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a tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin
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thyroxine
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influences rate of metabolism
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calcitonin
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secreted by thyroid gland and works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues
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Hashimotos thyroiditis
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an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
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hypothyroidism
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caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion and includes fatigue, depression, coldness, or metabolic rate
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cretinism
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a congenital form of hypothyroidism and can cause arrested development
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myxedema
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caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion, also called adult hypothyroidism
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hyperthyroidism
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an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones
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Graves' disease
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an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, and characterized by boiter and exophthalmos
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exophthalmos
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an abnormal protrustion of the eyeball out of the orbit
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chemical thyroidectomy
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the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
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hypercalcemia
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characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones
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thymosin
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stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system
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thymitis
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an inflammation of the thymus gland
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thymectomy
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the surgical removal of the thymus gland
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glucose
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blood sugar, the basic form of energy used by the body
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glycogen
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the form in which the liver stores the excess glucose
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glucagon
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the hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low blood sugar levels
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insulinoma
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a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
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pancreatalgia
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pain in the pancreas
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pancreatitis
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an inflammation of the pancreas
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hyperglycemia
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an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst
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polyphagia
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excessive hunger
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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hyperinsulinism
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the condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream
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hypoglycemia
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an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
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diabetes mellitus
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a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
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gestational diabetes
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a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies
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fructosamine test
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measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks
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diabetic retinopathy
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occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessles in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball
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electrolytes
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mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood
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cortisol
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has an anti-inflammatory action and it regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body
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epinephrine
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adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli
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norepinephrine
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a hormone and a neurohormone released to fight or flight
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Addison's disease
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occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
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adrenalitis
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inflammation of the adrenal glands
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aldosteronism
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an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone
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Conn's syndrome
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a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone
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pheochromocytoma
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a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine
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Cushing's syndrome
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caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol that causes a round or moon face
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laparoscopic adrenalectomy
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a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
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epinephrine
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adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli
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testosterone
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secreted by testicles and stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics
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estrogen
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important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle
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progesterone
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the hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary
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gynecomastia
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the condition of excessive mammary development in the male
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diabetes insipidus
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DI
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diabetes mellitus
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DM
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diabetic retinopathy
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DR, DRP
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fasting blood sugar
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FBS
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fructosamine test
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FA
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Graves' disease
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GD
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hypoglycemia
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HG
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leptin
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LEP, LPT
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pheochromocytoma
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PC, PCC, Pheo
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antithyroid agents
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block production of thyroid hormones
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corticosteroids
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regulate carbohydrate metabolism, anti inflammatory
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human growth hormone
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stimulate skeletal growth
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insulin
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secreted by beta cells in response to high blood sugar levels
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oral hypoglycemin agents
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decrease blood sugar by releasing insulin
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thyroid replacement hormone
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treatment for hypothyroidism or thyroidectomy
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vasopressin
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control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in kidney tubules
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Peyronie's disease
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a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection
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andropause
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male menopause, the decrease of the male hormone testosterone
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epididymitis
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inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder
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hydrocele
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a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles
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priapism
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a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement
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varicocele
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a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum
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azoospermia
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the absence of sperm in the semen
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hemospermia
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the presence of blood in the seminal fluid
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orchidectomy
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the surgical removal of one or both testicles
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orchiopexy
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endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum
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vasovasostomy
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a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male
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chlamydia
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caused by chlamydia trachomatis, the most commonly reported STD and is highly contagious and requires treatment
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gonorrhea
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a highly contagious condition caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae
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syphilis
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caused by treponema pallidum and has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other STDs
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trichomoniasis
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an infection caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis
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menarche
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the beginning of the menstrual function
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perimenopause
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the term used to designate the transition phase between regular mentrual periods and no periods at all
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obstetrician
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a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately after
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ovariorrhexis
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the rupture of an ovary
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polycystic ovary syndrome
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a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
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endometriosis
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a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
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metrorrhea
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an abnormal discharge from the uterus
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uterine prolapse
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the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
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cervical dysplasia
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the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a Pap smear
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cervicitis
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an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection
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endocervicitis
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an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix
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leukorrhea
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a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
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pruritus vulvae
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a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia
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fibroadenoma
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a found, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast
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fibrocystic breast disease
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the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
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galactorrhea
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the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding
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mastalgia
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pain in the breast
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amenorrhea
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an abnormal absence of mentrual periods for 3 or more months
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dysmenorrhea
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pain caused by uterine cramps during a mentrual period
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hypomenorrhea
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an unusually small amount of mentrual flow during a shortened regular mentrual period
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menometrorrhagia
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excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of mentrual periods and at other irregular intervals
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oligomenorrhea
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the term used to describe the infrequent or very light mentruation in a woman with previously normal periods
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colposcopy
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the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina
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hysteroscopy
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the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes
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hysterosalpingography
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a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes
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ovariectomy
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the surgical removal of one or both ovaries
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salpingo-oophorectomy
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the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
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colpopexy
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the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall
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colporrhaphy
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the surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina
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hysterectomy
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the surgical removal of the uterus
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mastopexy
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mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position
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nulligravida
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a woman who has never been pregnant
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nullipara
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a woman who has never borne a viable child
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primigravida
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a woman during her first pregnancy
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primipara
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a woman who has borne one viable child
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colostrum
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a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest
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Apgar score
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a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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ectopic pregnancy
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a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus
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preeclampsia
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a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinura
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eclampsia
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a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma
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placenta previa
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the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
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nulligravida
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a woman who has never been pregnant
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nullipara
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a woman who has never borne a viable child
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primigravida
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a woman during her first pregnancy
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primipara
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a woman who has borne one viable child
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colostrum
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a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest
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Apgar score
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a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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ectopic pregnancy
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a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus
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preeclampsia
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a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinura
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eclampsia
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a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma
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placenta previa
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the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
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chorionic villus sampling
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the examination of cells retrieved from the chrionic villi to search for abnormalities in developing fetus
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amniocentesis
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a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid
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episiotomy
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a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal
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AMA
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advanced maternal age-30s and 40s
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Artificial insemination
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AI
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IVF
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in vitro fertilization-ova removed to be fertilized
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amniocentesis
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AMN
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bacterial vaginosis
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BV
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chorionic villus sampling
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CVS
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circumcision
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CIRC, circum
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digital rectal examination
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DRE
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erectile dysfunction
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ED
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hormone replacement therapy
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HRT
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human papilloma virus
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HPV
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hysterosalpingography
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HSG
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hysteroscopy
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HYS
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intrauterine device
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IUD
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labor and delivery
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L and D
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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PID
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trichomoniasis
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Trich
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hormone replacement therapy
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replacing estrogen with oral medication during and after menopause
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oral contraceptive
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prevent conception
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oxytocin
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natural hormone that improves uterine contractions during labor and delivery
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