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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acute traumatic injury to soft tissue due to blunt trauma is called what?
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contusion
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Signs of 1st degree sprain?
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No ligament disruption; no laxity
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Signs of 2nd degree sprain?
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partial ligament disruption; laxity with endpoint
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Signs of 3rd degree sprain?
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full ligament disruption; laxity with no endpoint
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Signs of 1st degree strain?
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no fiber disruption; normal contraction
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Signs of 2nd degree strain?
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partial fiber disruption; abnormal contraction
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Signs of 3rd degree strain?
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full fiber disruption; extremely abnormal contraction
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What are some reasons that athletes recover quicker?
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better access to care; more time spent in rehab
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What is the general treatment for acute injuries?
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RICE
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What is more common in sports medicine: acute or chronic?
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chronic
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Most chronic injuries are based on what?
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overuse and repetition
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What are the classifications for chronic injuries?
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I-pain after activity
II-pain during/after activity that does not affect performance III-pain during/after activity that does affect performance IV-pain at rest and activity |
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What are treatments for chronic injuries?
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rest, stretch and strengthen,
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While meds and modalities treat symptoms, what treats source of injury?
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rehabilitation
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What are the objectives for sports physicals?
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identify athletes at risk, determine health, medicolegal reasons
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What are the formats for sports physicals?
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Personal Physician
“Locker Room”-mass physicals Multiple Station-break physical up into sections (most efficient) |
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Frequency of sports physicals?
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every 3-4 years with annual medical history update
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High school students require CV exams how often?
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every other year
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When should sports exam be completed?
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4-6 weeks prior to start of season
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Components of sports physicals?
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history, physical, labs
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70% of predisposing injuries should be found during which portion of exam?
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history
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What are most important portions of physical exams?
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cardiac and musculoskeletal systems
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#1 cause of sudden death in athletes <35 years of age?
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Most common and second most common cause of sports limitations?
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previous orthopedic injury and cardiac problems
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What are the lab tests required for sports physicals?
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PRN
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When does acute ACL injury usual occur?
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Usually occur when an external rotational force is applied to the knee with the foot planted
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What is the "unhappy triad"?
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ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
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Do females or males have higher incidence in ACLs?
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females
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Most sensitive exam for ACL?
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lachman's test
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Hemarthrosis within only a few hours should indicate what?
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ACL tear
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What might be seen on x-ray in ACL tear?
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lateral capsular sign
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T or F: it is difficult to detect a grade I or II ACL tear
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true
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Treatment for grade III ACL injury?
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RICE, immobilize, crutches, decide on conservative or surgical treatment
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Untreated ACL can lead to what?
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meniscal deterioration and OA
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Which knee ligament is most commonly injured?
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MCL
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MCL injuries usually result from what force?
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valgus force against when when foot is planted
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How do you test for MCL injury?
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valgus stress test
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X-ray might show what results in MCL injury?
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tibial avulsion
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What should be looked for in youths that injure MCL?
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growth plates
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What ligament is commonly injured with MCL tear?
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medial meniscus
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What are the main differences in the Grade I and II vs. III MCL tear?
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Grades I and II don't require immobilation and are allowed protected weight bearing; Grade III is immobilized and no weight bearing is allowed
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T or F: grade III MCL tears are usually repaired surgically
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false
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Majority of ankle sprains occur how?
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lateral ankle; ATF; inversion/plantarflexion
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High ankle sprain affects what ligament?
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anterior tibiofibular ligament
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High ankle sprain forces involved?
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sudden ankle external rotation
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Why does high ankle sprain take longer to heal in athletes?
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running repeats mechanism of injury
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T or F: ankle sprains usually require MRI
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false
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According to this lecture, what are the ottowa rules for determining need for x-ray in ankle injury?
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must have pain in malleolus and either inability to bear weight or bony tenderness at posterior malleolus
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How should a Salter-Harris type I fracture be treated?
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same as an ankle sprain
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What causes "weak" ankle?
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occurs from inadequate rehabilitation and constant reinjury
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How can "weak" ankle be treated?
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increase strength and proprioception
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