Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where are glucocorticoids produced?
|
zona fasiculata and reticularis of adrenal cortex
|
|
|
What is meant by glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid?
|
1. glucocorticoid-increases serum glucose levels
2. mineralocorticoid-increase sodium levels |
|
|
What is the primary product of the adrenal medulla?
|
cortisol
|
|
|
Is cortisol a glucocorticoid or a mineralocorticoid?
|
both
|
|
|
What is the body's main mineralocorticoid?
|
aldosterone
|
|
|
How is cortisol produced?
|
hypothalamus->corticotropin releasing factors->anterior pituitary->adrenocorticotropic hormone->adrenal gland->cortisol
|
|
|
How does cortisol produce its effects?
|
corticosteroid binding globulin carries cortisol into cell->receptors are bound to proteins->cortisol causes disassociation to occur->cortisol-receptor complex dimerizes and enters nucleus->binds to glucocorticoid response element on gene->transcription begins of enzymes that produce cortisol effects
|
|
|
What are the 3 phases of inflammation that glucocorticoids can prevent?
|
1. vascular (edema and hyperemia)
2. cellular (infiltration of leukocytes) 3. connective tissue (repair phase) |
|
|
How do glucocorticoids produce anti-inflammatory effects?
|
1. induction of lipocortin->inhibits PLA2->decreases release of arachidonic acid->prevents LT's and PG's
2. reduce COX II and inflammatory mediators 3. inhibits function of leukocytes and macrophages 4. maintains normal capillary permeability |
|
|
What is the most potent anti-inflammatory steroid?
|
dexamethasone
|
|
|
Which effects can be seperated chemically: GC and MC activity or GC and anti-inflammatory activity
|
GC and MC
|
|
|
T or F: glucocorticoids are highly lipid soluble
|
true
|
|
|
Why use alternative day therapy in steroids?
|
minimize adrenal cortex suppression (don't want ACTH levels getting too low)
|
|
|
Do glucocorticoids need to be given in low doses or high doses to be effective?
|
high doses
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of using corticosteroids?
|
1. suppression of ACTH with adrenal cortex atrophy
2. edema, hypokalemia, hypertension 3. osteoporosis (interferes with vitamin D absorption) 4. decreased sex hormones 5. muscle wasting 6. PUD 7. increased gluconeogenesis-leads to steroid induced diabetes 8. exacerbates infections 9. CNS effects 10. increased intraocular pressure 11. cushing's like syndrome |
|
|
Are corticosteroids palliative or curative?
|
palliative
|
|
|
What inflammatory and allergic conditions can corticosteroids be used for?
|
1. asthma, Seasonal rhinitis, COPD
2. nephrotic syndrome 3. ulcerative colitis 4. RA (to gain control; not chronically) 5. collagen diseases 6. lupus erythematosus 7. inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathies (PML) 8. organ transplant rejection |
|
|
Corticosteroids can be used when nothing else works, such as in which diseases?
|
1. replacement therapy in addison's disease
2. malignancies 3. septic shock 4. cerebral edema |
|
|
Compare cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, triamcinalone, dexamethasone, and fludrocortisone on anti-inflammatory and salt-retaining effects:
|
1. short to medium acting GC's: cortisone, prednisone, and prednisolone
2. intermediate acting GC's: triamcinalone (no salt-retaining effects) 3. long acting GC's: dexamethasone (no salt-retaining effects) 4. MC's: fludrocortisone |
