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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"bamboo spine" is characteristic of what disease?
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ankylosing spondylitis
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positively birefringent means that yellow crystals are (parallel/perpendicular) to the red compensator. This is characteristic of what disease?
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positively birefringent = yellow crystals are perpendicular
=pseudogout (CPPD) |
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negatively birefringent means that yellow crystals are (parallel/perpendicular) to the red compensatory. This is characteristic of what disease?
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yellow crystals are parallel. Characteristic of gout (MSUM)
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what does podagra refer to?
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monoarthritis of the big toe (usually the initial presentation of gout!)
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what are tophi?
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accululation of uric acid in the form of nodules. Can be seen around hands or around any joint. If break through skin --> chalky.
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is gout negatively or positively birefringent?
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negatively birefringent (yellow crystals are parallel)
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what are the 3 tx of gout for an acute attack?
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1. NSAID
2. cholchicine 3. prednisone |
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Probenacid does what?
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encourage uric acid excretion (contraindicated in those with uric acid kidney stones!)
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allopurinol does what?
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inhibits xanthine oxidase, therefore promoting salvage and decreased synthesis of uric acid
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when shouldn't you use allopurinol?
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during an acute attack
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chondrocalcinosis on xray is pathognomonic for what?
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CPPD (pseudogout)
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what is the committed step in the formation of purines?
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PRPP --> PR-amine
this rxn is catalyzed by PRPP. Thus anything that increases the [PRPP] will increase de-novo purine synthesis |
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what does salvage refer to?
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the convertion of nucleosides or purine bases back to nucleotides
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explain how transport across membranes requires salvage?
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Nucleosides can be transported across membranes, but nucleotides can't be. Some tissues (like brain and blood cells) cannot make purines by de-novo synthesis. Thus, nucleotides made elsewehre go to the liver, get converted to nucleosides, and then go to the brain or RBCs) where they go through the salvage pathway to be converted back to nucleotides
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what is the role of nucleoside kinases and nucleotide kinases?
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distibute P's among AMP, ADP , and ATP
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what is the role of PRTases?
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they combine nucleosides PLUS PRPP to form nucleotides (salvage pathway)
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PRPP has 2 options in what reactions it can participate in. What are they?
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1. de novo (catalyze its own conversion to PR-amine)
2. salvage - combine with PURINE BASES to becomce nucleotides again |
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the salvage of a nucleoside is done by _____. Where as teh salvage of a purine base is done by _______.
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kinase
PRTases (have to combine with PRPP) |
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purines that are not salvages are catabolized to xanthine and then uric acid by
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xanthine oxidase
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whether de novo synthesis occurs or not is dependent on the concentration of
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nucleoTIDES
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