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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What test is used for the diagnosis of osteomalacia?
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Bone biopsy - but rarely done, dx is often through history and labs (↓ Ca, ↓ PO43-, ↑ Alk Phos, ↑ PTH)
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Is osteomalacia a problem of bone quality or quantity?
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Quality
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What clinical symptoms are common in osteomalacia?
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- Hip, shoulder pain diffuse rib cage pain (can distinguish from osteoporosis)
- Polyarthralgia - Muscle Weakness |
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What is the cause of osteomalacia?
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Deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate
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How is osteomalacia defined?
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Softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization.
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Is osteoid present with OM?
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Yes, osteoblasts are secreting osteoid, but they mineralize inefficiently or not at all
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What is the pathology of OM?
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- Thick layer of unmineralized osteoid or trabeculae
- Centres still mineralized (Ca isn’t resorbed there) - Thin cortex, thick layer of periosteoblasts |
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What is the difference between osteomalacia and rickets?
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OM occurs in adults (closed growth plate – only affects mineralization after growth has occured)
Rickets occurs in children (widened growth plate, deficient in mineralization arrested at zone of hypertrophy) - Both result from the same pathological process. |
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What is a pseudofracture?
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Diagnostic form of OM;
- A band of bone material of ↓ density forms alongside the surface of the bone. - Thickening of the periosteum occurs, with formation of calluses - Gives appearance of false fractures |
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What are common sites for pseudofractures?
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- Axillary margin of scapula
- Ribs - Pubic rami - Proximal ends of femur and ulna |
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What are Looser’s zones?
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- Pseudofracture common in OM.
- Thin translucent band running perpendicular to the shaft of the bone. - Incomplete stress fractures which heal with callus lacking in calcium. |
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Is osteomalacia radiographically distinguishable from osteoporosis?
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Not always – may appear identical on radiographs
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What microscopic differences are seen in OM that are not in OP?
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Unmineralized osteoid
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What is the risk associated with pseudofractures?
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May lead to complete fractures and irreversible bone deformities.
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What is the etiology of vit D deficiency?
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- Malabsorption
- Nutritional deficiencies - Renal dysfuntion |
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What does a bone biopsy histomorphometry measure?
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- Average osteoid seam thickness
- Rate of cortical periosteal bone growth |
