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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The talo crural joint is made up of the... |
Talar Trochlea and Tibio Fibular Mortise
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what joint actions is the talocrural joint responsible for? |
Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion
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In the subtalar joint the talus articulates with... |
Navicular and calcaneus
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During dorsiflexion how does the tibio-fibular joint accommodate the talar trochlea? |
It spreads apart in order to allow the wider anterior portion of the trochlea to translate. causes the ligaments to be tightly stretched therefore the ankle is more stable in dorsiflexion than plantar flexion.
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What joint actions does the subtalar joint perform? |
eversion and inversion
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Lateral ligaments limit __________ of the ankle. |
Inversion |
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Medial ligaments limit __________ of the ankle. |
Eversion
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What three ligaments attach at the lateral malleolus? |
Anterior Talo- Fibular Posterior Talo- Fibular Calcaneofibular
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What ligaments attach at the medial malleolus? |
Anterior Tibiotalar Posterior Tibiotalar Tibionavicular Tibiocalacaneal
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What is a OKC? |
an action performed where the limb is not bearing any weight. i.e ankle dorsiflexes while the leg is in the air
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What is a CKC? |
an action performed where the limb is bearing weight. i.e the ankle dorsiflexes while the foot is on the ground.
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what is a joint action? |
how body segments move relative to one another
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What joint action do all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg assist? and why? |
Dorsiflexion. because they all cross anteriorly to the TC joint
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What is fascia? |
A thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ
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What is retinaculum? |
A tissue that holds something in place
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In general, where do the muscles of the anterior compartment attach to?
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Anterior of tibia, fibula and inerosseus membrane |
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What is the difference between deep and superficial muscles? |
Deep muscles- control smaller and more intrinsic movements. More to help stabalize instead of being prime movers.
Superficial Muscles- larger and used for large movements and generate more power
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What actions does the tibialis anterior perform? |
Dorsiflexion Inversion |
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What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg? |
Fibularis Longus Fibularis brevis
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what actions do the lateral compartment muscles perform? |
Plantar flexion Eversion
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What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg? |
Deep: Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis Longus and Flexor digitorum longus
Superficial: Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris |
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What actions do the posterior leg compartment muscles perform? |
Plantar flexion and inversion |
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What actions does the gastocnemius perform? |
plantar flexion and assists with knee flexion
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What are the 4 MIQ's in MSK? |
1. What joint action is occurring? 2. what does gravity want? 3. what muscles fight gravity? 4. who wins? (gravity or muscles) |
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What are the three points on the foot that allow for optimal balance? |
MLA- Medial Longitudinal Arch LLA- Lateral Longitudinal Arch TLA- Transverse Longitudinal Arch |
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What are the two ligaments that support the MLA? |
Plantar Calcaneal- Navicular ligament Plantar fascia
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What is special about the plantar calcaneal- navicular ligament? |
Has more elastin than normal ligaments in the body
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Describe the muscular support of the MLA |
- Tibialis anterior contraction lifts from above. - Tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus lift from below. |
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What happens to the talus during pronation? |
- falls medially and forward - moves like a corkscrew towards the toes - arch drops and flattens (MLA)
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Why is pronation important? |
Absorbs shock during running, jumping and gait |
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What happens to the talus during supination? |
lifts arch - talus lifts up and unscrews ("corkscrew" motion) |
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Why is supination of the foot important? |
- increases rigidity in the foot - MLA binds tighter and becomes more stable - able to push off foot
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What two joints make up the knee joint? |
1. Patellar femoral joint 2. tibio femoral joint
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What are the primary actions of the knee? |
1. flexion/ extension 2. internal/ external rotation 3. locking mechanism of the knee |
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What is the ACL and where does it attach? what is its jobs? |
- Anterior cruciate ligament - attaches at the anterior of tibia to the posterior of femur - limits anterior translation of the tibia and internal/ external rotation
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What is the PCL and where does it attach? what is its jobs? |
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament - attaches at the posterior tibia and anterior femur - limits excessive posterior translation of the tibia and limits rotation as well
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What is menisci? How can it be damaged? |
- fibrocartilage that is found in the knee - acts like a cushion and absorbs shock - can be damaged by crush and grind action
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Describe the MCL |
Medial Collateral Ligament - there is two parts, superficial and deep - superficial is larger
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Varus |
"bow legged" - weak LCL |
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Valgus |
"Knock knees" - Weak MCL
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Describe some characteristics of the patellar femoral joint. |
- floats the first 20- 30 degrees of knee flexion before pressing on the femur - patella slides up a long the trochlear groove (about 5 cm) to allow for a full range of motion in the knee |
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What actions does the anterior compartment of the thigh perform? |
Knee extension hip flexion |
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What actions does the posterior compartment of the thigh perform? |
Knee flexion Hip extension
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Describe the rectus femoris. |
attaches at the AIIS Flexion at hip extension at knee - helps with lateral rotation |
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What muscles anteriorly tilt the pelvis? |
1. Sartorius 2. Rectus Femoris |
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What muscles help posteriorly tilt the pelvis? |
1. Bicep femoris 2. semi tendinosus 3. semi membranosus
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When measuring hip abduction and adduction what do you compare? |
The long axis of the femur relative to the midline of the pelvis |
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Name and describe the three hip ligaments. |
1. Iliofemoral: - attaches at the lateral surface of the ilium and intertrochanteric line - largest ligament in the body - runs up and down in the body LIMITS EXTENSION
2. Ischiofemoral: - posterior surface of the ischium to greater trochanter - twist ligament - limits medial rotation
3. Pubofemoral: - superior ramus of pubis to inferior aspect of intertrochanteric line - limits abduction
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what are the muscle synergists for MCL? |
Sartorius, semi membranosus, gracilis |
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What are the muscle synergists for LCL? |
Bicep femoris, ITB |
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What are the muscle synergists for ACL? |
Bicep femoris, semi membranosis, semi tendonosis |
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What are the muscle synergists for PCL? |
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
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What muscles internally rotate the KNEE? |
Sartorius semi membranosus semi tendinosus
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What muscle externally rotates the KNEE? |
Bicep femoris |
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What does the popliteus muscle do? |
The key to unlock the knee extension - gives a little bit of medial knee rotation that allows muscle to flex |
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What muscles make up the anterior hip compartment? |
1. Rectus femoris 2. sartorius 3. psoas 4. iliacus 5. tensor fascia latae 6. pectineus
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What is the primary action of the anterior hip compartment? |
Hip flexion |
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What is the primary action of the medial hip compartment? |
Adduction |
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Why is the gracilis important? |
Stabilizes the pelvis when standing upright
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Superficial gluteal compartment |
1. Gluteus maximis 2. Gluteus medius 3. Gluteus minimus 4. Tensor fascia Latae 5. piriformis 6. ITB |
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What part of the gluteus maximus is for abduction and which part is for adduction? |
Upper= abduction Lower= Adduction |
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Where are the hip rotators located? |
Deep gluteal region |
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What are the hip rotators? (lateral rotation) |
1. gemellus superior 2. gemellus inferior 3. Obturator externus/ externus 4, Quadratus femoris
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Why doesn't the hip need a compartment for medial rotators? |
The femur is already slightly medially rotated therefore no muscles are very necessary |
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What joint action will damage the medial meniscus? |
External rotation |
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What Joint action will damage the lateral meniscus? |
Internal Rotation |
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The menisci increase joint congruency, what does this cause? |
widens the contact area therefore increases force distribution within the condyles |
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Which collateral ligament is more susceptible to injury and why? |
the LCL because it has no direct contact with the joint capsule of the lateral meniscus.
MCL comes into direct contact with the joint capsule and the medial meniscus therefore it is much more stable. |
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Which meniscus is larger? |
Medial meniscus |
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How does the menisci receive nourishment? |
synovial fluid
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How are the menisci commonly injured? |
External/ internal rotation while the knee is flexed (leg is fixed i.e playing soccer/ skiing) - also sudden extension of a flexed knee |
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Is it more common to tear the ACL or PCL? |
ACL |
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Which ligaments help stabilize the knee joint in every position? |
Cruciate ligaments |
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What joint action of the knee causes the collateral ligaments to be taut? |
Knee extension
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What is the sustentaculum tali? |
bony protrusion on the medial aspect of the foot - supports the talus - common location of fractures for snowboarders |
