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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maintains integrity of basement membrane of skin and by what mechanism…
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Integrins in hemidesmosomes by binding to laminin in BM
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Which muscle unlocks knee and what direction does it rotate the femur to unlock it…
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Popliteal, laterally rotates femur
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Proximal lesion of the median nerve differs from a distal lesion of the median nerve (CTS) by…
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Proximal lesion will get thumb opposition (giving OK sign) and sensation of thenar eminence, proximal nerve lesion gives ape hand
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Dislocation of this bone causes CTS like picture…
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Lunate
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Klumpe’s total claw due to… pathophys…
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C8, T1 palsey (cervical rib). Causes loss of all lumbricals and finger flexors (median nerve C5-7) and radial extensors unopposed.
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Anterior hip dislocation hits which nerve… what sensory and motor affected…
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Obturator nerve, loss of thigh ADDuction and sensation of medial thigh
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Funxn of calmodulin…
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Binds w/ Ca to activate MLCK to make myosin + actin crossbridge. Also activates glycogen phosphorylase so that glycogenolysis is coordinated w/ mscle contrxn
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Order of tissue formation in membranous ossification…
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Woven bone made first then replaced by llamelar bone (no cartilage used)
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Estrogren decr osteoporosis effects by what mechanism…
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Blocks osteoclast activating factor (IL-1)
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ALP levels are normal in all bone diseases except…
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Pagets and ostetitis fibrosa cystica (caused by renal failure)
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Findings in osteopetrosis and genetic deficiency in…
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Anemia, thrombocytopenia, infxns, cranial nerve impingment. Loss of carbonic anhydrase II
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Ostetitis fibrosa cystica lab findings…
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Incr Ca (unlike early renal failure), decr P, incr PTH, incr ALP
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Findings in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia…
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Bone lesions filled in w/ connective tissue, precocious puberty, unilateral Café-au-laits)
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Osteoid osteoma histo descriptions… where found…
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Interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts, < 2cm and found in diaphysis of long bones of leg
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Osteoblastoma histo descriptions and findings…
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Interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts, < 2cm. All this is same as osteoid osteoma. Found in vertebrae (where ost osteoma in diaphysis of tibia and femur)
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How distinguish Ewings sarcoma from osteosarcoma histologically…
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Ewings does NOT make bony matrix, has onion skinning of bone and small blue tumor cells. Osteosarcoma does make a bony matrix of malignant calcified osteoid.
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Tumors on the bone diaphysis…
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Osteoid osteoma and Ewings sarcoma
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Tumors in the medullary cavity…
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Chondrosarcoma and Enchondroma (will be in distal hands and feet)
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Tumors of the bone metaphysic…
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Osteosarcoma and osteochondroma
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In knees beginning osteoarthritis, which aspect first loses cartilage…
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Medial joint
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Histo findings of rheumatoid nodules…
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Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
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Most specific antibody for RA…
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Anti-CCP antibody
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Sjogrens has incr risk for what malignancy…
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B-cell lymphoma
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Autoantibodies to what are developed in Sjogrens syn…
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Autoab’s to ribonucleoprotein antigens
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Histo findings of pseudogout…
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Weakly positive birefringement basophilic, rhomboid crystals in joint. Formed from Ca pyrophosphate crystals
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Chronic infectious arthritis most often due to…
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TB or lyme dx
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MOA of antiphospholipid syn… findings…
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APLA blocks tPA giving elevated PTT uncorrectable w/ FFP. Thromboembolisms and repeated abortions
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Findings in sarcoidosis…
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Granulomas, incr ACE, bihilar lympaden, erythema nodosum, Bells, epithelial granulomas w/ Schaumans and asteroid bodies, hyperCa due to incr vit D conversn in epitheloid macros.
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Muscles of biopsy show lymphocytic infiltrate and inflammation, is it poly or dermatomyositis…
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Polymyositis since T-cell mediated
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Distinguish LE syndrome from MG…
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LE improves w/ use, extraoccular mscles spared, no reversal of symp w/ AChE inhibs alone
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Rhabdomyoma located where… rhabdomyosarcoma located most often where…
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Rmyoma in heart in Tuberous Sclerosis and Rmyosarcoma in head/neck area usually in kids
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Hyperkeratosis and what is it seen in…
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Thickening of S corneum seen in psoriasis
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Changes in epidermis layers in psoriasis…
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Hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis (S Corneum), thinning of S Granulosum, Acanthosis- epidermal hyperplasia by incr S Spinosum
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Seborrheic keratosis… sign of leser-trelet…
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Flat greasy pigmented epithelial proliferation w/ keratin-filled cysts. Looks pasted on. Usually in head, trunk, extremities. Sign of LT when appears in accordance w/ GI malignancy
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Albinism and melanocytes…
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Normal # of melanoytes, decr melanin prodxn
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Vitiligo and melanocytes…
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Decr # of melanocytes
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Layer of epidermis affected by SSSS toxin…
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S granulosum keratin attachments
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Hairy leukoplakia mediated by what microorganism…
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EBV
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How differ B pemphoid and pemph. Vulgaris…
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Pemph vulgaris has oral involvement, netlike pattern in IF, and + Nikolskies. Bul Pemphigoid has linear IF, - Nikolskies, and NO oral involvement
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Dermatitis herpetiformis on histo…
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IgA on tips of dermal papillae
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Assoc w/ erythema multiforme…
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M pneumonia, HSV, sulfa drugs, phenytoin, beta-lactams, cancers, autoimmune dx
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Histo findings of Lichen Planus… assoc…
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Lympho infiltrate dermal-epidermal junxn (sawtooth pattern). Purple, polygonal on skin. Assoc w/ Hep c
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Actinic keratosis… assoc…
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Sun exposure. Small, rough, sandpaper like. Scrape off and comes back. Risk of Squamous Cell CA
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Epidermal layer affected in acanthosis nigricans…
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S spinosum
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Difference between PGE2and PGI2…
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Both cause vasodilation but PGE2 incr temp and uterine tone while PGI2 Inhibits platlet aggration and Inhbitis uterine tone
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Blocks lipoxygenase… SE…
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Zileuton. Can cause HA, nausea and incr liver enzymes
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Drug used for asprin induced asthma and how does work…
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Zafirlukast, montelukast. Block leukotriene receptors.
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Low dose asprin anti what… high dose…
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Low dose: decr platelet aggs. Intermediate: antipyretic and analgesic. High dose: anti-inflammatory
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What does aspirin have that NSAIDs do not…
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Antiplatlet activity
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Use of bisphosponates and SEs…
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hyperCa of malignancy, Pagets, postmenopausal osteoporosis. SEs: corrosive esophagitis, N, diarrhea, avascular necrosis
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MOA of colchinicne (acute gout)… SEs…
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Binds and stabilizes tubulin which decr leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation. GI side effects
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Block tubular secretion of uric acid…
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Diuretics and low dose aspirin
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Probenecid…
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Blocks tubular reabsorption of uric acid and blocks tubular secretion of penicillin
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MOA of etanerecpt…
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Acts as decoy receptor and binds TNF. Used for RF, and seronegatives
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MOA of infliximab…
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Antibody to TNF directly.
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MOA of Adalimumab…
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Antibody to TNF receptor
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