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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main causes of death in the global community? |
IHD Stroke COPD LRTIs Lung cancer HIV/AIDS Diarrhoea Road injury Diabetes TB Malaria |
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What are the main causes of disability in the global community? |
Low back pain Major depression Iron deficiency anaemia Neck pain COPD Other MSK Anxiety Migraine Diabetes Falls OA |
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What aspects of a disease should be considered when assessing public health problems? |
F: Frequency A: Aetiology P: Prevention M: Management E: Evidence (how strong?) E: Personal effects S: Effect on society R: Response of society (Or FREEMAPS)
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What are the two main MSK problems affecting the hip? |
Hip fracture OA of the hip |
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What are the most common fractures in Australia? |
Hip > Vertebral > Colles > Proximal humerus > Pelvis |
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What are the likely outcomes after 12 months following hip fracture according to studies? |
80% return to community 21% death 18% in institution
In different terms, 1/2 persistent disability 1/4 death 1/4 recover
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What are the two broad causes of hip fracture? What is the link between low bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of hip fracture? |
Osteoporosis Falls
There is a positive relationship between low BMD and risk of hip fracture. |
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What are the primary and secondary prevention strategies for preventing hip fracture? |
Primary prevention: 'Treat" whole population Osteoporosis prevention Falls prevention
Secondary prevention: Treat people at high risk of fracture |
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What methods exist for the prevention of hip fractures? |
-Vitamin D and calcium -Hip protectors -Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, Risedronate) -HRT -Strontium ranelate (acts on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, given post-menopause only if at high fracture risk. Blood clotting risk) -Denosumab (RANKL inhibitor given by injection to cancer patients whose tumours have metastasised to bone and have an increased fracture risk) |
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How is a Cost Effectiveness Analysis calculated? |
Cost/QALY =
(cost of intervention - cost of alternative) ________________________________________________ (QALYs w/ intervention - QALYs w/ alternative)
QALY = Quality-adjusted life year |
