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46 Cards in this Set
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* G+, clustered cocci, non-motile, non-spore forming, fac. anaerobe, bronze/yellow colonies
* catalase+, coagulase+, Mannitol & NaCl growth, Beta hemolysis * exotoxins: 4 hemolysins, PVL, enterotoxin A/F, TSST, Exfoliatin * VFs: beta-lact, mutPBPs, Protein A, Misc. Enzymes * nose, skin, mucus mems, fomites, food |
Staph Aureus Characteristics
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* Transmit: nosocomial, direct, food, penumo, hemato
* impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin in kids (Ritter's) * wound infections * food poisoning * TSS * Aspir Pneumo & Empyema * Osteomyelitis (#1 cause) * Infective arthritis (#1 cause) * Acute Endocarditis (#1 cause) * Bacteremia & Sepsis (#1 cause) |
Staph Aureus Clinical
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* G+, fac. anaerobic, extracellular
* Clusters, tetrads of cocci * Catalase + only, NO coag. * No exotoxins, but has slimy glycoclayx and beta lactamases, mutant PBPs * skin & mucus membranes |
Staph Epidermidis Characteristics
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* Infxs of artifical implants (caths, IVs, tubes, etc)
* Bactermia and sepsis * subacute endocardiditis * neonatal bacteremia * TX: Vanc, novobiocin |
Staph Epidermidis Clinical & Tx
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* G+, fac. anaerobic, extracellular
* Clusters of cocci * Catalase + only, NO coag * No exotoxins, but MDR and has urease * genitourinary skin |
Staph Saprophyticus Characteristics
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* UTIs (upper and lower), mostly in young, healthy sexually active women (dysuria, pyuria)
* TX: TMP-SMZ or levofloxacin |
Staph Saprophyticus Clinical & Tx
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* G+, aerobic, extracellular
* Chains of cocci * Catalase - * Beta hemolytic (O&S), erythrogenic toxin, protein M (80 types), capsule (HA), hyaluronidase, peptidase, streptokinase, DNase, LTA, Pili, F-protein (establish infection) * skin & oropharynx |
Stept pyogense (Group A, GAS) Characteristics
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Transmit: person to person
* Impetigo, Cellulitis** (#1 cause), erysipelas (slapped cheek) * Necrotizing Faciitis * Pharyngitis** * Scarlet Fever (erythrogenics) * AGN (skin or pharynx via DNAse, antiDNAase B important test) * Acute Rheumatic Fever (only from pharyn) * TX: PCN G, Eythro, Oxacillin, BenzaPCN, Sulfonamides, Bacitracin |
Strept Pyogenes (Group A) Clinical & Tx
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* binds Fc of IgG
* protects from opsonization & phagocytosis |
Protein A
(staph Aur) |
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* converts fibrinogen to fibrin
* provides protective mesh |
Coagulase
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* alpha: forms damaging pores, causes septic shock
* beta: sphingomyelinase * gamma: tissue necrosis * delta: cytotoxic detergent (PVL-like) |
Hemolysins
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* disrupts PMNs and macrophages
* resistant to phagocytosis |
PV Leukocidin
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* hydrolyses H.A. - spreading factor
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Hyaluronidase
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* lyses formed fibrin
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Staphylokinase
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* facilitates colonization of sebaceous glands
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Lipase
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* food poisoning w/i 4 hours, lasts for 24 (NO fever)
* acts of brain vomit center * inhibits GI water absorption * superantigen * strong inducer of IL-1 |
Enterotoxin A-E
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A: most common
C&D: milk B: can cause pseudo enterocolitis b/c damage epithelium of GI |
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* causes release of IL-1, IL-2
* superantigen * fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation, multi-organ |
TSST
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* cause intraepidermal separation at stratum granulosom
* SSSS & bullous impetigo * type A & B * not assoc w/inflam, NO SA or neutrophils! |
Exofoliatin
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* defense: phagocytosis/opsons, difficult to kill b/c of capsule, biofilms, carotenoids, catalase
* MRSA on mecA gene (staphVax) * vanc, cephalosporins, bacitracin |
Staph aureus host defense & Tx
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* G+, paired cocci, capsule w/sialic acid to inhibit complement
* beta hemolytic * No exotoxins * CAMP factor Positive (enhances BetaHem of Staph A) * Beta hemolytic * form biofilms * vagina, vertical trans to fetus |
Strept agalactiae (Group B, GBS)
Characteristics |
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* neonatal meningitis & septicemia
* neonatal pneumonia * post-part endometiosis *TX: PNC G, Vanc, Amp+aminogly for neonate |
Strept agalactiae (GBS) Clinical & Tx
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* similar to Strep A, but non rheumatogenic
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Strept C & G
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* G+, pairs or chains of cocci, aerobic, extracellular
* NO exotoxins * dextran glycocalyx, LTA, glucans, other acids * Alpha hemolytic * oropharynx |
Strept mutans (Viridians) Characteristics
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* dental carries (bacteremia)
* sub-acute endocarditis (#1 cause) * Tx: PNC G+Aminogly, Amox or Ampi, Vanc |
Strep mutans clinical & Tx
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* G+, extracellular, paired cocci or short chain
* virulence w/capsule (80 types of polysac) * CAMP negative * alpha (O2) & beta (no O2) hemolytic * bile soluable * Catalase NEGATIVE * IgA Proteases, Adhesions, pneumolysins (destroys cilia), no exotoxins * upper respiratory |
Strep Pneumoniae Characteristics
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* Lobar Pneumo (#1 cause)
* Meningitis (#1 cause) * Sinusitis (#1 cause) * Otitis media (#1 cause) * Dx: quellung rxn (anticapsular reaction), optochin sensitive * Tx: PCN G, Vanc, Ceftriaxone * Vaccine for high risk people |
Strep Pneumoniae Clinical & Tx
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* G+, paired/chain cocci
* no exotoxins, no virulence factors * bile growth, alpha hemolytic * GI flora, only causes bacteremia when GI disruption puts in blood (enterococci) * Associated with colon cancer |
Strep bovis (Group D)
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* G+, pairs or chains, non-motile, fac. anaerobe, no exotoxins
* Non-hemolytic, Catalase negative, fastidious * salt, bile tolerant (hydrolyze bile esculin) * adhesions, aggregation subs, gelatinase, cytolysin * resist optochin * enteric bacteria (LI, GU) |
Enterococcus faecium & faecalis Characteristics
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* bacteremia when enter blood
* nosocomial UTIs * sub-acute endocarditis (via bacteremia) * VRE strains exist * Vanc or Amp+Aminogly, Streptogramin |
Enterococcus fs Clinical 7 Tx
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* G+, rods, SPORE forming
* Aerobic, D-glut capsule * non hemolytic, sticky colonies * 3 part exotoxin (EF, LF, PA) via virulence plasmids (pXO1 the lef-cya-pag gene, PXO2 the capsule) * EF/PA= edema, LF/PA=lethal * Primary aerosol. * Tx: PCN, Cipro, Deoxy for 60 days (vaccine for some) |
Bacillus Anthracis Characteristics
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* inhalation of spores
* mediastinal widening * replication in lung with exotoxin release * fever, SOB, cough, HA, vomit, chills, chest pain, death w/i 3 days |
Inhalation Anthrax
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* most common
* painless papule at site of Infx * Progress to ulcer with germination, rapid prolife * necrotic eschar (round black lesion with rim of edema) |
Cutaneous Anthrax
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* very rare, often lethal
* ingestion of spores from contaminated meat * growth & exotoxin release in GI, necrotic lesions * vomiting, ab pain, bloody dia. |
GI Anthrax
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* white, pseudomembrane over tonsil, soft palate, uvula, will bleed
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Orophary. Anthrax
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* G+, motile (Flage), Spore forming rods
* no capsule * exotox: cereolysin, necrotic toxin, lecithinase (phosph C) |
Bacillus cereus Characteristics
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* Emetic food poisoning (fried rice!)
* diarrhea food poisoning * post-traumatic endophthalmitis (eye infx) when spores into eyes * Tx: supportive care, Vanc, Cipro, genta |
Bacillus cereus Clinical & TX
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* G+, club shaped rods, non motile, extracellular, NON spore, Catalase +
* tellurite medium, methyl blue (storage granules) * exotoxin: ADP ribosyltransferase toxin (B binds, A enzy: blocks EF2 and protein synth: most effective toxin known) * NON invasive: colonize and when low iron release toxins * three strains (gravis, inter, mitis) * upper resp infx, skin lesions |
Corynebacterium diptheriae Characteristics
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* G+, small rods, chinese character clumps, motile (tumble), INTRAcelluar, Catalase +
* beta hemolytic, internalins, listerolysin O, actin-based motility, phopho c * animals, foods |
Listeria monocytogenes characteristics
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* diptheria (mem form), cardio toxic, neuro toxic
* skin infections (tropics, poor hygen) * Erythro, antitoxin, vaccine (DPT) |
Corynebacterium diptheriae Clinical & TX
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* G+, motile (Flage), Spore forming rods
* no capsule * exotox: cereolysin, necrotic toxin, lecithinase (phosph C) |
Bacillus cereus Characteristics
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* Emetic food poisoning (fried rice!)
* diarrhea food poisoning * post-traumatic endophthalmitis (eye infx) when spores into eyes * Tx: supportive care, Vanc, Cipro, genta |
Bacillus cereus Clinical & TX
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* G+, club shaped rods, non motile, extracellular, NON spore, Catalase +
* tellurite medium, methyl blue (storage granules) * exotoxin: ADP ribosyltransferase toxin (B binds, A enzy: blocks EF2 and protein synth: most effective toxin known) * NON invasive: colonize and when low iron release toxins * three strains (gravis, inter, mitis) * upper resp infx, skin lesions |
Corynebacterium diptheriae Characteristics
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* G+, small rods, chinese character clumps, motile (tumble), INTRAcelluar, Catalase +
* beta hemolytic, internalins, listerolysin O, actin-based motility, phopho c * animals, foods |
Listeria monocytogenes characteristics
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* diptheria (mem form), cardio toxic, neuro toxic
* skin infections (tropics, poor hygen) * Erythro, antitoxin, vaccine (DPT) |
Corynebacterium diptheriae Clinical & TX
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* ONLY thing that can cross placenta - abortions (bacteremia), neonatal meningitis (late onset), granulomatosis infantiseptica (early onset)
* preg women 20 times more susceptible (CD 8 cells are down) * Infects immunocompromised people (meningitis) * Listerosis (from foods) * Tx: PCN, Amp, Genta |
Listeria monocytogenes Clinical & Tx
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* G+, rods, need lipids for growth
* indigenous flora, become infective in immunocomp pts * septicemia, endocarditis, UTIs, wound infx, RespI |
Corynebacterium jeikeium
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