Msi Week 3: Lab Testing Part 1

Front 1

What does a CBC measure?

Back 1

1. Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hgb)
2. White blood cell count (WBC)
3. Platelet count

Front 2

What is the normal range of Hgb for a male?

For a female?

Back 2

Male --> 14.4 - 16.6 g/dL

Female --> 12.2- 14.7 g/dL

Front 3

What is the normal Hct for a male?

For a female?

Back 3

Male --> 42.9- 49.1%

Female --> 37.9 - 43.9%

Front 4

What is the normal platelet count?

Back 4

150,000 - 450,000 platelets per microliter

Front 5

What can you measure to look for an acute phase response?

Back 5

1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
2. C-reactive protein

Front 6

How can you estimate the normal ESR for a patient?

Back 6

Values are age and sex dependent:

Men--> (age in years)/ 2
Women --> (age in years + 10)/ 2

Front 7

List 3 instances in which a patient's ESR will be elevated?

Back 7

1. Inflammation
2. Infection
3. Neoplasia

Front 8

Do C-reactive protein (CRP) levels rise with anemia?

Back 8

NO.

Front 9

In what instances will a patient's CRP level be elevated?

Back 9

1. Inflammation
2. Necrosis
3. (less so in infection)

Front 10

What is the normal value of CRP?

Back 10

<0.8 mg/ dL

Front 11

Creatinine can be used to measure the function of which organ?

Back 11

Kidney

(used to estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate-- GFR)

Front 12

What can you measure to check liver enzyme and liver function?

Back 12

1. ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
2. AST (Aspartate aminotransferase)
3. Albumin
4. Prothrombin time

Front 13

Which muscle enzyme is measured to check for muscle inflammation?

Back 13

Creatine kinase

Front 14

What hormones are measured to check thyroid function?

Back 14

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroxine, Free (FT4)

Front 15

What can you measure to monitor the extent of hyperuricemia?

Back 15

Serum uric acid

Front 16

What can you measure in osteoporosis lab tests?

Back 16

1. Serum Ca2+ (usually normal in osteoporosis, but elevated with other bone diseases)
2. Serum Vitamin D

Front 17

List 5 things you can measure to test for secondary causes of osteoporosis.

Back 17

1. Thyroid function test
2. PTH (check for hyperparathyroidism)
3. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (menopause evaluation)
4. Testosterone (deficiency in men)
5. Protein electrophoresis (identify abnormal proteins produced in multiple myeloma that can break down bone)

Front 18

Immunoglobulins that precipitate reversibly at cold temperatures.

Back 18

Cryoglobulins

(can bind with complement proteins and other peptides to form immune complexes)

Front 19

In immune complex mediated diseases, would you expect high or low levels of complement?

Back 19

Low levels

Front 20

Would you expect high or low levels of complement with Rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 20

Low levels
(low levels of complement are generally seen in immune complex mediated diseases (SLE) and Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 21

What test can be done to assess low or high levels of immunoglobulins?

Back 21

Serum protein electrophoresis

Front 22

In rheumatology, what are the two most common causes of proteinuria?

Back 22

1. SLE
2. Medium vessel vasculitides

Front 23

What are RBC casts strongly indicative of?

Back 23

Glomerular damage

Front 24

List 3 types of casts.

Back 24

1. RBC casts
2. WBC casts
3. Fatty casts

Front 25

What is crystalluria indicative of?

Back 25

Urate nephropathy

Front 26

White blood cell casts are indicative of?

Back 26

Inflammation or infection

Front 27

Fatty casts are indicative of?

Back 27

1. High urinary protein nephrotic syndrome
2. Diabetic or lupus nephropathy
3. Larger-scale necrosis or epithelial cell death

Front 28

What test might you run to check for rheumatic fever (or rheumatoid arthritis)?

Back 28

ASO Titer
(Antistreptolysin O/ Antistreptococcal O, Streptozyme)

Front 29

What can be measured as an indicator of early renal insufficiency such as that seen in lupus nephritis?

Back 29

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

Front 30

What does a 24 hour urinary protein study predict?

Back 30

Ongoing proteinuria in active lupus nephritis in need of immediate immunosuppression
(>1.5 gms/24 hour)

Front 31

What measurement can be used as an alternative from the 24 hour urinary protein measurement?

Back 31

Urine Protein/ Creatinine ration (P/C ration)

(Protein = albumin)

Front 32

What test can you run if you suspect Rheumatic fever?

Back 32

ASO Titer
(Antistreptolysin O/Antistreptococcal O, Streptozyme)

(can also be seen in Rheumatoid arthritis)

Front 33

What tests can you run if you suspect Lyme disease?

Back 33

1. Borrelia burgdorferi IgM and/or IgG antibodies
2. B. burgdorferi Western blot
3. PCR