Msi Week 2: Infectious Disease Independent Study

Front 1

What type of parasite is Leishmania?

Back 1

Flagellated protozoan

Front 2

List the 3 diseases caused by Leishmania

Back 2

1. Visceral (Kala-azar) Leishmaniasis
2. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
3. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

Front 3

Which type of Leishmaniasis is generally found in the following areas:

Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, India, China, Mexico, Central and South America, and Africa

Back 3

Visceral leishmaniasis

Front 4

Which type of Leishmaniasis is found in the following regions of the world:

Texas, Mexico, Central and South America, India, Pakistan, the Middle East, southern Russia, the Mediterranean coast, and Africa.

Back 4

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Front 5

Which type of Leishmaniasis is limited to South America?

Back 5

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Front 6

How is Leishmania transmitted?

Back 6

Sand fly bites

Front 7

How is the type of Leishmaniasis determined?

Back 7

By the primary location of the macrophages that are infected
(visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous)

Front 8

What type of parasites enter macrophages as promastigotes and reproduce as amastigotes?

Back 8

Leishmania

Front 9

What type of cells harbor Leishmania upon infection?

Back 9

Macrophages

Front 10

Hyperpigmented skin ("black sickness") is a symptom of what type of parasitic infection?

Back 10

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Front 11

Which type of parasitic infection presents with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia?

Back 11

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Front 12

How long is the incubation period for visceral leishmaniasis?

Back 12

2-6 months

Front 13

What is the typical cause of death in visceral leishmaniasis?

Back 13

Secondary infections
(progression from weakness, emaciation, and then death)

Front 14

What type of parasitic infection presents with skin lesions that begin as red papules?

Back 14

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Front 15

How are lesions caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis dangerous?

Back 15

They often become infected with bacteria

Front 16

What type of parasitic infection affects mucosal membranes of the nose and mouth?

Back 16

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Front 17

What type of parasitic infection may present with nasal obstruction or epistaxis?

Back 17

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Front 18

What type of disease does mucocutenous leishmaniasis begin as?

Back 18

Cutaneous disease
*Begins as a primary cutaneous ulcer at site of inoculation, which eventually heals

Front 19

How can you diagnose cutaneous or mucocutanous leishmaniasis?

Back 19

Aspiration and punch biopsy at ulcer edge

Front 20

How can you diagnose visceral leishmaniasis?

Back 20

(found in bone, liver, or spleen)
Ex: You could take a sternal bone biopsy for culture and smear

Front 21

List 2 treatments for visceral leishmaniasis.

Back 21

1. Stibogluconate
2. Liposomal Amphotericin B

Front 22

Which type of leishmaniasis is usually self-limiting?

If therapy is required, though, what should be used?

Back 22

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Therapy: Localized stibogluconate injections

Front 23

Describe the treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

Back 23

Use Stibogluconate
Add IFN-gamma, Amphotericin B, or pentamadin if resistant

Front 24

What type of parasite is Trichinella spiralis?

Back 24

Nematode

Front 25

What type of disease is caused by Trichinella spiralis?

Back 25

Trichinosis

Front 26

What is the epidemiology of Trichinosis?

Back 26

Worldwide

Front 27

How is trichinella spiralis transmitted?

Back 27

Ingestion of larvae from undercooked meat
(most often pork, but other meats as well)

Front 28

Where do juvenile trichinella spiralis migrate within a host to mature?

Back 28

Into muscle

Front 29

Where do trichinella spiralis grow to sexual maturity within a host?

Back 29

Small intestine

Front 30

What type of symptoms may a person experience 1-2 days after a Trichinella spiralis infection?

Back 30

initial phase symptoms:
1. Intestinal obstruction
2. Abdominal pain
3. Diarrhea
4. Nausea

Front 31

What type of symptoms will be observed during the second phase (2-8 weeks) after a Trichinella spiralis infection?

Back 31

Larval migration into muscle tissue characterized by:
1. Facial and periorbital edema
2. Conjuctavitis
3. Fever
4. Myalgias
5. Rashes
6. Blood eosinophilia

Front 32

What type of potentially fatal conditions might a person develop from Trichinosis?

Back 32

1. Myocarditis
2. Encephalitis
3. Pneumonitis

Front 33

How can you treat Trichinosis if the infection was within 7 days?

Which 2 medications can be used later?

Back 33

Within first 7 days use:
Thiabendazole

Later use:
Mebendazole and Corticosteroids

Front 34

What is the infectious agent in Sporotrichosis subcutaneous mycosis?

Back 34

Sporothrix schenkii

Front 35

What is the natural habitat of Sporothrix schenkii?

Back 35

Soil

Front 36

What is the microscopic appearance of Sporothrix schenkii at 37 degrees?

Back 36

Round/cigar-shaped yeast cells

Front 37

What is the microscopic appearance of Sporothrix schenkiii at 25 degrees?

Back 37

Septate hyphae, rosette-like clusters of conidia at the tips of the conidiophores
("daisy clusters")

Front 38

How is Sporothrix schenkii transmitted?

Back 38

Trauma to the skin or inhalation

Front 39

What type of infections are caused by sporothrix schenkii?

Back 39

Chronic infections involving cutaneous, subcutaneous, and lymphatic tissues

Front 40

Sporotrichosis subcutaneous mycosis is commonly seen in what type of individuals?

Back 40

Gardeners
("Rose Gardener's Disease")

Front 41

List 3 sources of sporothrix schenkii.

Back 41

1. Soil
2. Trees
3. Straw

Front 42

Describe the three progressive steps of cutanous infection by Sporothrix schenkii.

Back 42

Nodule --> Ulcer --> Necrosis

Front 43

In what type of tissue does Sporotrichosis most commonly manifest?

Back 43

Lymphatic tissue (75%)

Front 44

Describe how Sporotrichosis spreads from the skin to the lymph nodes.

Back 44

Skin/subcutaneous tissue--> lymphatic channels --> lymph nodes

Front 45

In rare cases, where can Sporotrichosis spread in the body?

Back 45

1. Systemic dissemination: bones, joints, meninges
2. Primary pulmonary (occurs in chronic alcoholics)

Front 46

T or F.

Spontaneous healing of Sporotrichosis is possible.

Back 46

TRUE

Front 47

Which medications can be used to treat a cutaneous sporotrichosis infection?

Back 47

1. Itraconazole or fluconazole
2. Potassium iodide (topical/oral)-- cheapest

Front 48

What medication can you use to treat a disseminated Sporotrichosis infection?

Back 48

Amphotericin B

Front 49

How can pulmonary disease result from Sporotrichosis?

Back 49

As a result from granulomatous pneumonitis
(inflammatory response)