Msi Week 2: Gluteal Region, Hip, And Thigh

Front 1

What type of bone tissue is found in the central portion of the femur?

What type of bone is found in the outer portion of the femur?

Back 1

Central --> trabecular bone
Outer --> compact cortical bone

Front 2

Why can a fracture of the femur be especially dangerous?

Back 2

High risk of thromboembolis that may move to the lung
(Pulmonary embolus)

Front 3

Which bone is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

Back 3

Patella

Front 4

All quadriceps muscles insert on which bony feature?

Back 4

Tibial tuberosity

Front 5

Which leg bone articulates with the femur?

Back 5

Tibia

Front 6

The adductor magnus muscle inserts on which bony feature?

Back 6

Adductor tubercle
(on Medial epicondyle of femur)

Front 7

Which hip ligament is Y-shaped?

Back 7

Iliofemoral L

Front 8

Which ligament reinforces the hip anteriorly?

Back 8

Iliofemoral L

Front 9

Which ligament reinforces the hip superiorly?

Back 9

Ischiofemoral L

Front 10

Which ligament reinforces the hip inferiorly?

Back 10

Pubofemoral L

Front 11

List the 3 ligaments of the hip.

Back 11

1. Iliofemoral Lig
2. Ischiofemoral Lig
3. Pubofemoral Lig

Front 12

Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the hip?

Back 12

Iliofemoral Lig

Front 13

Name a bursa in the hip.

Which two ligaments is the bursa situated between?

Back 13

Iliopectineal bursa

Between Iliofemoral and Pubofemoral ligaments

Front 14

What are the attachments of the Iliofemoral ligament?

Back 14

1. Anterior inferior iliac spine
2. Greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line

Front 15

What are the attachments of the Pubofemoral ligament?

Back 15

1. Obturator crest of pubic bone
2. Greater trochanter

Front 16

Which 3 nerves of the lumbar plexus stay on the anterior/medial aspect of the thigh?

Back 16

1. Lateral femoral cutaneous N
2. Femoral N
3. Obturator N

Front 17

Which surface of the thigh and leg are the nerves from the sacral plexus located?

Back 17

Posterior surface
(extending from gluteal region --> leg)

Front 18

Name 5 cutaneous nerves of the buttocks.

Back 18

1. Superior clunial NN
2. Medial clunial NN
3. Inferior clunial NN
4. Lateral cutaneous branch of Iliohypogastric N
5. Lateral cutaneous N of the thigh

Front 19

Name 6 cutaneous nerves of the thigh and what regions they innervate.

Back 19

1. Lateral cutaneous branch of Subcostal N (upper lateral hip)
2. Genitofemoral N (inguinal region)
3. Cutaneous branch of obturator (upper medial thigh)
4. Lateral cutaneous
5. Anterior cutaneous
6. Posterior cutaneous

Front 20

At which point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

Back 20

Once it passes under the inguinal ligament

Front 21

Name the branches of the Deep femoral artery.

Back 21

1. Lateral circumflex femoral A
2. Medial circumflex femoral A
3. Perforating AA

Front 22

Name the 3 branches of the Lateral circumflex femoral artery.

Which branch anastomoses around the knee?

Back 22

1. Ascending branch
2. Transverse branch
3. Descending branch

*Descending branch anastomoses around knee

Front 23

Which two arteries are very important to the blood supply of the head and neck of the femur?

Back 23

Lateral and Medial circumflex humeral arteries

*If disrupted, avascular necrosis will occur

Front 24

The round ligament of the head of the femur contains which artery?

Back 24

Obturator artery

Front 25

Which ligament passes over the Round ligament (Obturator A) at the acetabular notch?

Back 25

Transverse acetabular ligament

Front 26

What is the major superficial vein of the thigh?

Back 26

Great saphenous V

Front 27

Name 2 (major) deep veins of the thigh?

Back 27

Femoral V
Deep femoral V

Front 28

What are the main functions of the gluteal muscles?

Back 28

Move the hip in all possible directions

Front 29

What are the major functions of the anterior thigh muscles?

Back 29

1. *Extension of knee
2. Flexion of hip (only Rectus femoris)

Front 30

What is the function of the medial thigh muscles?

Back 30

Adduction of femur

Front 31

What are the functions of the posterior thigh muscles?

Back 31

1. Extension of hip
2. Flexion of knee

Front 32

Which gluteal muscle(s) performs lateral rotation and extension of the hip?

Back 32

Gluteus maximus

Front 33

Which gluteal muscle(s) performs medial rotation and abduction of the hip?

Back 33

1. Gluteus medius
2. Gluteus minimus

Front 34

When walking, which gluteal muscles stabilize the hip on the side that is not carrying the weight?

Back 34

1. Gluteus medius
2. Glutues minimus

Front 35

What is the main function of the deep gluteal muscles?

Back 35

Lateral rotation of hip

Front 36

Name the 6 deep gluteal muscles.

Back 36

"P-GOGO-Q"

1. Piriformis
2. Superior gemellus
3. Obterator internus
4. Inferior gemellus
5. Obterator externus
6. Quadratus femoris

*Lateral rotators of hip

Front 37

Name the thickened deep fascia of the lateral portion of the thigh.

Back 37

Iliotibial tract

Front 38

Which nerve is found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 38

Femoral N

Front 39

Which nerve is found in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 39

Sciatic N

Front 40

Which nerve is found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 40

Obturator N

Front 41

Which septum separates the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh?

Which septum separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh?

Back 41

Medial intermuscular septum --> anterior/medial

Lateral intermuscular septum --> Anterior/ posterior

Front 42

Which artery can be found half way in between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle?

Back 42

Femoral A

Front 43

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Back 43

1. Inguinal Lig
2. Sartorius M
3. Adductor longus M

Front 44

Which 3 muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?

Back 44

1. Iliacus M
2. Psoas M
3. Pectineus M

Front 45

Name the 3 major contents of the femoral triangle.

Back 45

1. Femoral N (divides into terminal branches)
2. Femoral A (w/ proximal branches)
3. Femoral V (w/ External pudendal branch and Great Saphenous V)

Front 46

Name the contents of the femoral sheath.

Back 46

1. Femoral A
2. Femoral V
3. Lymphatics

(*Femoral N is NOT located in the femoral sheath--it lies outside subserous fascia)

Front 47

If inguinal lymph nodes are swollen, where should you check for an infection?

Back 47

Check the toes

(Lymphatics from the lower extremity drain into femoral and inguinal nodes)

Front 48

Within what fascia do inguinal lymph nodes reside?

Back 48

Cribriform fascia
(over the saphenous opening)

Front 49

Name the muscles of the anterior thigh.

Back 49

1. Sartorius
2. Rectus femoris
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedialis
5. Vastus lateralis

Front 50

Name the 4 Quadriceps femoris muscles.

Back 50

1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus medialis
3. Vastus intermedialis
4. Vastus lateralis

Front 51

Name the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.

Back 51

1. Pectineus M
2. Adductor Longus M
3. Adductor brevis M
4. Adductor magnus M
5. Gracilis M

Front 52

Which muscle divides the obturator N and A into anterior and posterior divisions?

Back 52

Adductor brevis M

Front 53

Which structures travel through the adductor canal?

Back 53

1. Femoral A
2. Femoral V
3. Saphenous N
4. Descending genicular A
5. Nerve to Vastus Medialis

(However, only the Femoral A, V run through the adductor hiatus to travel posteriorly)

Front 54

Through which opening does the femoral A travel to become the Popliteal A?

Back 54

Adductor hiatus

Front 55

The tendon of which muscle forms the adductor hiatus?

Back 55

Adductor magnus

Front 56

The adductor canal runs deep to which muscle?

It extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the ...?

Back 56

Deep to Sartorius M

Extends from femoral triangle --> adductor hiatus

Front 57

The anterior division of the Obturator N supplies which 3 muscles?

Back 57

1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Gracilis

Front 58

The posterior division of the Obturator N supplies which 2 muscles?

Back 58

1. Adductor magnus
2. Obterator externus

Front 59

Three of the four hamstring muscles arise from which bony structure?

Back 59

Ischial tuberosity

Front 60

Which portion of the Sciatic N supplies the 3/4 hamstring muscles?

Name these muscles that it innervates.

Back 60

Tibial part of Sciatic N.

Supplies:
1. Long head of biceps femoris M
2. Semitendinosis M
3. Semimembranosus M

Front 61

The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by what nerve?

Back 61

Peroneal part of Sciatic N

(Remember the long and short heads of the biceps femoris M are supplied by different portions of the Sciatic N. The long head is supplied by the tibial portion).

Front 62

Which portion of the Sciatic N is prexaxial?

Which portion is postaxial?

Back 62

Preaxial --> Tibial portion
Postaxial --> Peroneal/fibular portion

Front 63

What 3 tendons form the pes ancerinus?

Back 63

1. Sartorius M
2. Gracilis M
3. Semitendonosis M

Front 64

Which veins of the thigh are at high risk of embolus to the lungs?

Back 64

Deep veins:
1. Femoral V
2. Deep femoral V

Front 65

Condition that results from the breakdown of valves within veins.

Back 65

Varicose veins

Front 66

Which region of the buttocks is safest for injection?

Back 66

Superior lateral portion

Front 67

Condition characterized by pain and tenderness at the lateral side of the knee. This injury is common in runners.

Back 67

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

*Caused by inflammation of the iliotibial band from repetitive friction between the band and the lateral epicondyle

(Can be associated w/ weak hip abductors)

Front 68

Type of femur fracture which goes at an angle to the axis.

Back 68

Oblique fracture

Front 69

Type of femur fracture that involves many relatively small fragments.

Back 69

Comminuted fracture

Front 70

Type of femur fracture which runs around the axis of the bone.

Back 70

Spiral fracture

Front 71

Type of femur fracture (also called open) which breaks the skin.

Back 71

Compound fracture

Front 72

Which grade of hamstring strain consists of minor tears within the muscle?

Back 72

Grade 1

Front 73

Which grade of hamstring strain consists of a partial tear in the muscle?

Back 73

Grade 2

Front 74

Which grade of hamstring strain is a severe or complete rupture of the muscle?

Back 74

Grade 3

Front 75

A fascia rupture in the thigh can lead to what condition?

Back 75

Quadriceps hernia

Front 76

An untreated muscle injury can result in calcification of muscle tissue, which is a condition called..?

Back 76

Myositis Ossificans

Front 77

Which individuals are at the highest risk of osteosarcoma?

Back 77

Adolescents
(tumor usually develops during the period of rapid growth that occurs as a teenager matures into an adult)

Front 78

List 3 common locations of osteosarcomas.

Back 78

1. Distal femur (near knee)
2. Proximal tibia (near knee)
3. Upper arm (near shoulder)

Front 79

A fracture to the neck of the femur can lead to an interruption of blood supply from which artery?

Back 79

Medial femoral circumflex artery
*Can result in ischemic necrosis of the neck and head of the femur

Front 80

Which part of the femur is a common site of fractures?

Back 80

Neck of femur

Front 81

Which muscles insert on the greater trochanter of the femur?

Back 81

1. Gluteus medius
2. Gluteus minimus
3. Piriformis
4. Obterator internus (superior and inferior gemellus)
(Received tendon of Obterator externus on medial aspect of the trochanteric fossa)

Front 82

Which muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Back 82

Iliopsoas M

Front 83

Rough line or ridge on the body (shaft) of the femur.

Back 83

Linea aspera

Front 84

Line that runs from the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera.

Back 84

Pectineal line (of femur)

*Insertion for the pectineus M

Front 85

Which artery is at risk for injury during a fracture of the distal femur?

Back 85

Popliteal A

Front 86

T or F.

The patella articulates with the femur but not with the tibia.

Back 86

TRUE

Front 87

Which ligament converts the acetabular notch into a foramen for passage of nutrient vessels and nerves?

Back 87

Transverse acetabular ligament

Front 88

Name the fibrocartilagenous structure that surrounds/deepens the acetabular cavity

Back 88

Acetabular labrum

Front 89

Complete fibrocartilage rim that deepens the articular socket for the head of the femur and consequently stabilizes the hip joint.

Back 89

Acetabular labrum

Front 90

Do the ligaments of the hip joint resist hyperextension or hyperflexion?

Back 90

Hyperextension

Front 91

Which nerve innervates the skin on the anterior and lateral aspects of the thigh?

Back 91

Lateral femoral cutaneous N

Front 92

Which nerve arises from the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle and innervates the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot?

Back 92

Saphenous N

Front 93

Which nerve innervates the skin of the buttock, thigh, and calf?

Back 93

Posterior femoral cutaneous N

Front 94

Which nerve is vulnerable to injury when the Great Saphenous vein surgically excised for a coronary artery bypass?

Back 94

Saphenous N is vulnerable to injury in this procedure

Front 95

A venous inflammation with thrombus formation that occurs in the superficial veins in the lower limb, leading to pulmonary embolism.

Back 95

Thrombophlebitis

(*While this occurs in superficial veins, most pulmonary emboli originate in deep veins)

Front 96

___________ develop in the superficial veins of the lower limb b/c of reduced elasticity and incompetent valves in the veins?

Back 96

Varicose veins

Front 97

What provides a pathway for:
1. Piriformis M
2. Superior/inferior gluteal vessels, nerves
3. Internal pudendal vessels, Pudendal N
4. Sciatic N
5. Posterior femoral cutaneous N
6. Nerves to the obturator internus and quadratus femoris muscles

Back 97

Greater sciatic foramen

Front 98

What provides a pathway for:
1. Tendon of obturator internus
2. Nerve to Obterator internus
3. Internal pudendal vessels, Pudendal N

Back 98

Lesser sciatic foramen

Front 99

Name 3 structures that pass through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

Back 99

1. Internal pudendal A, V
2. Pudendal N
3. Nerve to Obturator internus

Front 100

Thick lateral portion of the fascia lata.

Back 100

Iliotibilial tract

Front 101

Provides insertion for the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae muscles

Back 101

Iliotibial tract

Front 102

What is a positive Trendelenburg's sign?

Back 102

If the right gluteus medius and minimus muscles are paralyzed, the unsupported left side of the pelvis falls instead of rising--normally, the pelvis rises.

Front 103

List the structures found in the femoral triangle from lateral to medial.

Back 103

1. Femoral N
2. Femoral A
3. Femoral V
4. Lymphatics
(NAVeL)

Front 104

What lies medial to the femoral vein in the femoral sheath?
(it transmits lymphatics from the lower limb and perineum to the peritoneal cavity)

Back 104

Femoral canal

Front 105

what is a potential weak area and a site of femoral herniation?

What type of people are more susceptible to femoral herniations?

Back 105

Femoral canal
(femoral hernias pass through the femoral ring and canal)

Women are more susceptible b/c of the greater width of the superior pubic ramus of the female pelvis

Front 106

What structure lies outside the femoral sheath, lateral to the femoral A?

Back 106

Femoral N

Front 107

The aperature in the tendon of insertion of the adductor magnus

Back 107

Adductor hiatus
(allows the passage of the femoral vessels into the popliteal fossa)