Msi Week 1: Shoulder, Axilla, And Brachial Plexus

Front 1

Which spinal nerves innervate the shoulder?

Back 1

C4, C5

Front 2

Which spinal nerves innervate the arm?

Back 2

C5, C6

Front 3

Which spinal nerves innervate the forearm?

Back 3

C6, C7, C8

Front 4

Which spinal nerves innervate the hand?

Back 4

C6,7,8 and T1

Front 5

Which spinal nerves innervate the armit?

Back 5

T1, T2

Front 6

In general, the ________ (upper, lower) part of the brachial plexus innervates PROXIMAL structures of the upper extremity.

Back 6

Upper part

Front 7

Where are pre-axial muscles located in relation to the limb?

Are these muscles flexors or extensors?

Back 7

Located in FRONT of the limb

FLEXORS.

Front 8

Where are post-axial muscles located in relation to the limb?

Are these muscles flexors or extensors?

Back 8

Located in BACK of the limb.

EXTENSORS.

Front 9

Which nerve is the continuation of the Musculocutaneous N?

Back 9

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous N

Front 10

Which cutaneous nerve is a branch of the axillary nerve?

Back 10

Upper lateral brachial cutaneous N

Front 11

Name 4 cutaneous nerves of the upper limb.

Back 11

1. Upper lateral brachial cutaneous N
2. Lower lateral brachial cutaneous N
3. Lateral antibrachial cutaneous N
4. Medial antibrachial cutaneous N

Front 12

Name the pre-axial branches of the brachial plexus.

Back 12

1. Musculocutanous N
2. Median N
3. Ulnar N

(branches of the lateral and medial cords)
Pre-axial = innervate flexor muscles

Front 13

Name the post-axial branches of the brachial plexus.

Back 13

1. Axillary N
2. Radial N

(branches of the posterior cord)
Post-axial = innervate extensor muscles

Front 14

Superficial veins of the upper extremity start from..?

Back 14

Dorsal venous arch of the hand

Front 15

Which superficial vein runs along the medial side of the forearm/ arm?

Back 15

Basilic V

Front 16

Which superficial vein runs along the lateral part of the forearm/ arm?

Back 16

Cephalic V

Front 17

The Cephalic and Basilic veins communicate via which vein?

Back 17

Median cubital V

Front 18

Which bone of the forearm rotates during pronation?

Back 18

Radius

Front 19

Which bone of the forearm is located laterally?

Back 19

Radius

Front 20

Which bone of the forearm is located medially?

Back 20

Ulna

Front 21

Which bone of the forearm articulates with carpal bones?

Back 21

Radius

Front 22

Name 3 elements that stabilize a joint.

Back 22

1. Geometry and integrity of the bony elements.
2. Strength and integrity of reinforcing ligaments
3. Strength of the surrounding muscles <--only factor that you can control

Front 23

The supraglenoid tubercle is the attachment for which muscle?

Back 23

Long head of biceps brachii M

Front 24

The infraglenoid tubercle is the attachment for which muscle?

Back 24

Long head of triceps brachii M

Front 25

What is the name of the "lip" of cartilage found in the gleno-humeral joint?

Back 25

Glenoid labrum

Front 26

Which tendon can be found in the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

Back 26

Long head of biceps brachii tendon

Front 27

The glenohumeral joint capsule surrounds which tendon?

Back 27

Long head of biceps brachii tendon
(in the intertubercular groove)

Front 28

Name 4 accessory ligaments of the shoulder joint.

Back 28

1. Acromioclavicular L
2. Conoid (coracoclavicular L)
3. Trapezoid (coracoclavicular L)
4. Coracoacromial L

Front 29

Glenohumeral ligaments reinforce the shoulder _________, ______ and ________.

Back 29

Superiorly, anteriorly and posteriorly.

Front 30

At which aspect is the glenohumeral joint the weakest?

Back 30

Inferior aspect
(where most dislocations occur)

Front 31

Which aspects of the shoulder do the rotator cuff muscles reinforce?

Back 31

Superior, anterior, and posterior aspects.

Front 32

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles.

Back 32

1. Subscapularis M
2. Supraspinatus M
3. Infraspinatus M
4. Teres minor M

Front 33

Which muscle initiates abduction of the shoulder?

Which muscle is used at the end of abduction of the shoulder?

Back 33

Initiaiton --> Supraspinatus M

Completion --> Deltoid M

Front 34

Pain during initiation of abduction of the shoulder signifies damage of which muscle?

Back 34

Deltoid M
(this is tricky since the Supraspinatous M is used to initiate abduction)

Front 35

Name the boundaries of the quadrangular and triangular spaces.

Back 35

1. Teres minor M
2. Teres major M
3. Long head of Triceps M
4. Humerus (only quad)

Front 36

Which structures are found within the quadrangular space?

Back 36

1. Axillary N
2. Posterior circumflex humeral A

Front 37

Which artery can be found in the triangular space?

Back 37

Circumflex scapular A

Front 38

Which space (triangular or quadrangular) is found medial to the long head of the triceps and lateral to the scapula?

Back 38

Triangular space

Front 39

The Suprascapular A anastomoses with which artery?

Back 39

Circumflex scapular A

Front 40

Which nerve is at risk for damage if the surgical neck of the humerus is fractured?

Back 40

Axillary N

Front 41

Name the 5 branches of the brachial plexus.

Back 41

1. Musculocutanous N
2. Median N
3. Ulnar N
4. Axillary N
5. Radial N

Front 42

Which nerve supplies all anterior muscles of the arm?

Back 42

Musculocutaneous N

Front 43

Which nerve supplies most muscles of the anterior forearm?

Back 43

Median N
(supplies all muscles of forearm except 1 1/2)

Front 44

Which nerve supplies most muscles of the hand?

Back 44

Ulnar N
(supplies all hand muscles except 1 1/2)

Front 45

Which muscle passes between Teres major and Teres minor muscles?

Back 45

Long head of triceps M

Front 46

Name 2 branches of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.

Back 46

1. Suprascapular N (C5-6)
2. Nerve to subclavius (C5-6)

Front 47

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and the shoulder joint?

Back 47

Suprascapular N

Front 48

Name 2 nerves that branch from the roots of the brachial plexus.

Which muscles do these nerves innervate?

Back 48

1. Dorsal scapular N (C5) --> Levator scapulae, Rhomboid major/minor MM
2. Long thoracic N (C5-7) --> Serratus anterior M

Front 49

T or F.

There are no nerves originating from the middle and lower trunks of the brachial plexus.

Back 49

TRUE.

Only the upper trunk has branches of nerves.

Front 50

T or F.

Some nerves originate from the divisions of the brachial plexus.

Back 50

FALSE.

Front 51

Which cord of the brachial plexus is formed by the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks?

Back 51

Lateral cord

Front 52

The anterior division of the lower trunk continues as the _______ cord.

Back 52

Medial cord

Front 53

The posterior divisions of the upper, middle and lower trunks of the brachial plexus form which cord?

Back 53

Posterior cord

Front 54

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm?

Back 54

Radial N

Front 55

Which nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus?

Back 55

Radial N

Front 56

Name the 2 muscles that make up the anterior wall of the axilla.

Back 56

1. Pectoralis major
2. Pectoralis minor

Front 57

Which 2 structures make up the medial wall of the axilla?

Back 57

1. Rib cage
2. Serratus anterior M

Front 58

Name the 6 branches of the axillary artery.

Back 58

1. Superior thoracic A
2. Thoracoacromial A
3. Lateral thoracic A
4. Subscapular A
5. Anterior circumflex humeral A
6. Posterior circumflex humeral A

Front 59

Name the branches of the Thoracoacromial A.

Back 59

1. Pectoral branch
2. Deltoid branch
3. Acromial branch
4. Clavicular branch

Front 60

Name the branches of the Subscapular A.

Back 60

1. Thoracodorsal A
2. Circumflex scapular A

Front 61

Which nerve is located in the spiral groove of the humerus?

Back 61

Radial N

Front 62

Which part of the clavical is most often fractured?

Back 62

Distal 1/3

Front 63

At which joint does the head of the humerus articulate with the scapula?

Back 63

Glenohumeral joint.

Front 64

Which 3 muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?

Back 64

1. Supraspinatus M
2. Infraspinatus M
3. Teres minor M

Front 65

Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

Back 65

Subscapularis M

Front 66

Which bony structure lies inbetween the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

Back 66

Intertubercular groove (aka: Bicipital groove)

Front 67

Name the contents of the axilla.

Back 67

1. Axillary vasculature (axillary A, V, and branches)
2. Branches of brachial plexus
3. Lymph nodes
4. Areolar tissue