Msd Exam 3 Bone: Fractures & Metabolic Graham

Front 1

Watery AVASCULAR environs with proteoglycans and Type II collagen arcs

Back 1

Cartilage

Front 2

Where is cartilage mineralized?

Back 2

growth plates of bones

Front 3

What kind of cells maintain bone matrix?

Back 3

chondrocytes

Front 4

compression, embryonic growth – think Jello

Back 4

cartilage

Front 5

tension and strength – think Tree

Back 5

Bone

Front 6

35% organic matrix (Collagen type I) + 65% mineral – Ca, P, Mg, Na; LITTLE water

Back 6

Bone

Front 7

VASCULAR, constant turnover (rapid growth, slow adult)

Back 7

Bone

Front 8

To contrast bone from cartilage, you need ............

Back 8

blood vessels!

Front 9

To proliferate matrix after injury, you wont get ____ bc you need blood vessels.
You'll get ____, first.

Back 9

To proliferate matrix after injury, you wont get __BONE__ bc you need blood vessels.
You'll get _CARTILAGE_, first.

Front 10

Long Bones all have...

Back 10

cortex

Front 11

cortex arises from ??

Back 11

periosteum

Front 12

Haversian canals run ___

Volkmann canals run_____

Back 12

Haversian: longitudinally

Volkmann: transversely (perpendicular to Haversian, connecting Haversian with periosteum)

Front 13

osteoclasts munch in a ...

Back 13

howship lacuna

Front 14

synonyms for SPONGY bone

Back 14

Trabecular
cancellous
spongy

Filling the interior of the bone is the trabecular bone tissue (an open cell porous network also called cancellous or spongy bone)

Front 15

Callus

Back 15

Bone Repair

"Bony granulation tissue" It makes fibroblasts and the magic that turns on bone formation. That’s it!

temporary formation of fibroblasts and chondroblasts which forms at the area of a bone fracture as the bone attempts to heal itself. The cells eventually dissipate and become dormant, lying in the resulting extracellular matrix that is the new bone.

Front 16

process of bone repair after fracture.

Back 16

1) acute response (clean up by mphages)
2) osteogenic granulation tissue
3) union (reconstitute the structure)
4) remodeling to perfect structure

Front 17

Intact Vasculature
Stability
Alignment
Approximation
Clean environs
Normal metabolic state
Age dependant

Back 17

factors required for successful repair of fractures!!

Front 18

Compartment syndrome
Local vessel and/or nerve damage
Fat embolism [femur; Rare]

Back 18

Fractures

early complications

Front 19

Secondary osteomyelitis
Compromised vasculature
Malalignment, large gap

Back 19

Fractures

late complications

Front 20

major fracture with a lot of blood, fluid collection, like in your leg
Compression of blood vessels, etc.
End up with necrotic leg.

Back 20

compartment syndrome

(Fascial compartment of the leg, for ex)

Front 21

A fracture in which bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.

Back 21

Comminuted fractures

Front 22

common location of what becomes a "complicated" fracture

Back 22

tibia/fibula

No mm on top of your shin, how many times have you run into something? Distal tibia doesn’t have much blood supply anyway. You don’t have that many periosteal blood vessels so soon you have a non-union fracture due to the inadequate blood supply.
Non-union fracture that resulted in amputation. Fibula and tibia. Young person. Complicated by site and limited blood supply.

Front 23

alcoholic, constantly falling down breaking bones, who seems to have 2 elbows

Back 23

pseudoarthrosis

Front 24

Causes for bone necrosis?

Back 24

Traumatic [fracture]

Infection [septic necrosis, sequestrum]

Avascular (idiopathic) necrosis

Front 25

Absence of osteocytes in bone lacunae, death of adjacent marrow

Back 25

Bone Necrosis

Front 26

how is bone necrosis repaired by the body?

Back 26

“creeping substitution” of new bone around dead bone

Front 27

common broken bones

Back 27

femoral head (hip)

distal tibia (ankle)

scaphoid (base of thumb)

Front 28

Symptomatic commonly if subchondral;

other sites may be silent

Back 28

avascular necrosis

Front 29

Associated with.....

Dysbarism

Gaucher disease

Sickle cell anemia/hemoglobinopathies

Alcoholism

Cushing syndrome/Prednisone use

Back 29

avascular necrosis

Front 30

femoral head:

Dead subchondral bone with articular cartilage collapse

Back 30

avascular necrosis

Front 31

Bacteria responsible for Osteomyelitis in Children

Back 31

#1 Staph Aureus

Front 32

Bacteria responsible for
Osteomyelitis in Adults

Back 32

#1 Staph Aureus
Gram negatives more common

Front 33

Osteomyelitis in Children

location?

Back 33

Metaphysis long bones

Osteomyelitis in Children

Front 34

Osteomyelitis in Children

complication?

Back 34

Complication:DVTs

Osteomyelitis in Children

Front 35

can have hematogenous spread

Back 35

Osteomyelitis in adults

Front 36

Osteomyelitis in adults

complication?

Back 36

Complication: cord compression

Front 37

Osteomyelitis in adults

location?

Back 37

Vertebral column more common

usually secondary, a result of (Say) necrosis or peripheral neuropathy of the big toe in a diabetic.