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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Communication Media
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defining characteristic of US political, social, and cultural systems
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Face-to-Face Communication
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no intervening technology or interpersonal communication
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Good Communication
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talking through things and finding where your view and my view intersect
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Interpersonal Communication
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face to face
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Mass Communication
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- involves professional communicator (writer or broadcaster)
- mediated communication (technological channel and limited feedback) |
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Shannon-Weaver Model
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- process applies to all human communication
- illustrates aspects of mediated communication process |
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Semantic Noise
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- created by language or interpretation
ex: word you don't know or interpret differently makes the word noise |
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Channel Noise
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- static
ex: schoolkids running through hallway during lecture |
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Limited Feedback
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- response is not face-to-face
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Feedback
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a response like being pissed off, going to buy a product, or voting
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Sources of Communication
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writer of a letter, reporter, newscaster, public speaker, author of a textbook, web page designer
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Message
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idea coded into symbols
- words, drawings, gestures ex: letter, news story, novel, textbook, web page, tv program, movie |
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Channel
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system used to physically transfer the message
ex: postal service for a letter, telephone, tv, human voice, internet, newspapers, books, magazines, public relations |
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Receiver
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person who gets message
ex: reader of a letter, listener in conversation, reader of newspaper, web surfer, tv viewer, radio listener |
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Noise
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disrupts or distorts the message
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Channel Noise
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technical or physical interference
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Semantic Noise
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interference created by lang. or interruption
- less likely reduced (involves underlying meaning) ex: to some a good grade means A and others B |
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3 Ways a Receiver Responds to a Message
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verbal, visual, tactile (ex: punching someone)
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Real Feedback
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face-to-face communication offers an opportunity for this type of feedback
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Limited Feedback
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mediated communication allows this type of little or no feedback
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3 Purposes of Mass Media
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inform, entertain, persuade
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Mass Media
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carries a message to many receivers
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What Size Audience constitutes a mass?
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10 million Households watching E.R.
5000 readers of smalltown newspaper 200 hits on a student's web pg - all the readers of the Bible/centuries |
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Mass Communication
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sharing ideas across a large audience either at a given point or through an extended time frame
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Example of Mass Media as Extended Time Frame
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movies
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Gatekeeper
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journalists tend the gates that control the flow of info.
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Gatekeeper's Job
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- control flow of info.
- tell you what news you need to know (not necessarily want to) ex: often newspaper editor or program editor that approves stories to be heard/read) |
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Media Literacy
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understanding the impact of a communicator
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Importance of Media Literacy
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understanding the media protects viewers from misrepresentation and ethical related issues arising
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Wesley-Maclean Model
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- Modified
- uses a source (witness, interview) - interviewer wants to get truth to public |
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Early History
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oral history, beating drums, Pi Sheng printed books in 1041 in China, Marco Polo brought the concept to Europe, transcribed manuscripts, 1430 Gutenberg invents movable type, reading becomes the norm
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What did Pi Sheng do and when?
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printed books in China in 1041
(used wooden blocks w/ characters) |
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Marco Polo
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brought Pi Sheng's idea to Europe
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Who usually transcribed Manuscripts?
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friars, abbots in a church or abby (usually the Bible)
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Gutenberg
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1430 invented movable type by carving type and multiple letters and moving/ taking apart and rearranging them
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Lore
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oral history (very important to understand history of the world)
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North American Evolution of Mass Media
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Books and Printing from England
Newspapers Thrived Prior Restraint-Crown Lisc.Press Postal Routes Technology |
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In North America, why did books and printing come from England?
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when America started there was no printing press so came from Eng
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Why did Newspapers thrive?
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b.c people wanted daily infor. about constant advances
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What is Prior Restraint?
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- Crown liscenced press
- England had to approve of everything printed in Amer. |
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Technology in Communication (Dates)
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Telegraph - Morse 1844
Radio - Marconi 1890 TV - Filo Famsworth 1926 (England Baird) Motion Pics - Early 1900's (required electric light and film) Computers and Internet Convergent Media |
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Morse
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telegraphy (HUGE) 1844
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Marconi
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radio 1890
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Filo Farmsworth/Baird
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tv 1926 (Baird in Eng)
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Motion Pics
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early 1900's
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In a free market system, what motivates consumer and adv. markets?
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profit
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What are the 3 Communication Markets?
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- Deliver info. to consumer
- Sell attention of consumers to advertisers - Marketplace of Ideas (influence) |
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How are Media organized?
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in market systems by evaluating demand for info and supplying content to fill that demand
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Media Organizations
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- publicly or privately owned
- individual or as a group |
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Demand (4 factors)
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- individual needs (food, clothing, shelter) or even (traffic and new restaurants)
- geography (what's near you) - economy (depends on what econ. is doing) - technology (cell phones with cameras) |
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Demand Structure (3)
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- consumer market (household decisions like products, car prices that ppl consume)
- advertising market (lowest cost affecting largest markt. like ppl that sell products) - market place of ideas (society maintains itself ex: blogs) |
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Who supplies content?
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media organizations
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Steps to Supplying Content
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generate content
produce content in qty deliver to user generate financial support product promoted process managed |
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Supply in the Markets (3)
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- consumer market (charge consumers, rely on adv.)
- adv. market (sell time and space ex: broadcast) and increase ads with product placement) - market place of ideas (all sources of info.) |
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Supply and Demand interaction (process)
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- consumer demands info.
- media provides info. for money - consumer gets useful info (often fails) - media makes profit - tech impacts cost (less cost to consumer) |
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Cyclical System
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- magazines publish on a cycle
- tv broadcasts on cycle (yearly, new prog. in fall) |
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Social Effect
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critics think media corrupts
- violence in TV/violence in society |
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Political Effect
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voters are influenced by physical features (tend to elect more attractive, tall, not bald)
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International Supply and Demand
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- Multinational ownership (produced for domestic and foreign consumers)
- Content in various regions - Style and Regulation of Reporting |
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Marshall McLuhan
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Global Village
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Cultural Imperialism
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- western media effect
- erosion of nat'l identities - US media control |
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Functions of Media
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Harold Lasswell (Statement of Functions 1948)
- Surveillance of the Environment (looking around and seeing what's going on) - Correlation of Parts of Society (helps explain cultural interaction) - Transmission of Culture (media works as this ex: in NY transmits culture as NYers) |
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Harold Lasswell
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political scientist who came up with the statement of functions for media in 1948
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Statement of Functions of Media
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1- Monitor Environment
everyday: sports scores, stock prices extraordinary: war in Iraq, disasters 2- decision making (collecting info from various sources and exploring options) 3- solicit cultural interaction (talk to ppl and get a pulse of neighborhood feels about things) |
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Individual Uses of Functions of Media
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- surveillance (news)
- decision making (collecting info. for it) - social and cultural interaction (defines, identifies, and maintains membership in groups) |
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Other Individual Uses
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- Diversion (entertainment)
- Self Understanding (insight into behavior and attitudes helping develop our worldview concerning moral issues to adhere to and important things in life ex: seeing some wonderful things happening) |