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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H2 antagonist |
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid) |
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Cimetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Indication: |
Used to prevent or tx GI ulcers, heart burn, GERD Reduces the production of stomach acid |
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Cimetidine administration |
PO |
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Ranitidine administration |
PO, IV, IM |
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Famotidine administration |
PO IV |
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Cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid) Adverse effects: |
-diarrhea or constipation -HA -dizziness - confusion in elderly (usually sign of toxicity) -Famotidine only: blood dyscrasias |
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Cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid) Considerations |
Take before meals and at bedtime as directed(30-60 min before) Avoid antacids 1 hr before or after dose Do not smoke-medication decreases metabolism of nicotine, resulting in increased CNS activity Avoid ASA, alcohol and caffeine- increases stomach acid (relax spinchter) Monitor renal function Famotidine- monitor for S&S of blood dyscrasia: bleeding, bruising, fatigue/malaise |
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Proton pump inhibitors |
Omeprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Pantoprazole (Protonix) |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Pantoprazole (Protonix) Indication |
Blocks acid production |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec) administration |
PO |
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Esomeprazole (Nexium) Pantoprazole (protonix) Administration: |
PO, IV |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Pantoprazole (Protonix) Adverse effects: |
Diarrhea or constipation Dizziness Hypomagnesemia Pantoprazole only: hyperglycemia |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Pantoprazole (Protonix) Considerations: |
Take 1 hour before meals Monitor for S&S of low mg Monitor LFT Don’t drive etc until effects of dizziness are known |
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Antacids |
Calcium carbonate (tums) |
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Calcium carbonate indication: |
Produces neutral salt when combined with gastric acid and helps with relief of acid indigestion - binds with and neutralizes acid |
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Calcium carbonate administration |
PO |
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Calcium carbonate adverse effects |
Diarrhea or constipation Hypercalcemia |
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Calcium carbonate considerations |
May interfere with abx- take 2 hrs apart- or any other med Use cautiously in renal dx- calcium will build up in body Monitor for S&S of hypercalcemia- NV, HA, confusion, anorexia |
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Prokinetic agent |
Metoclopramide (Reglan) |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) indication: |
Stimulates GI motility Tx of gastric stasis, accelerates gastric emptying -for when pt has hypoactive or absent bowel sounds |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) administration |
PO IV |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) adverse effects |
Drowsiness Restlessness Anxiety EPS or tardive dyskinesia with high doses or long-term use(more than 12 weeks) |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) Considerations: |
Use caution w/ potentially hazardous activities Avoid alcohol/CNS depressants Administer 1 hr ac (PO) Metoclopramide therapy should be discontinued in pts who develop S&S of tardive dyskinesia. No known tx so discontinue med and hope it goes away. (Or EPS) |
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Urinary antibiotic- nitrofuran derivative |
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) |
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Urinary analgesic |
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Available OTC but doesn’t tx infection |
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) indication |
Relieves pain associated with lower UTI |
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) administration |
PO |
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) adverse effects |
HA Vertigo |
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) considerations |
Urine will turn orange Take with meals |
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Anticholinergics |
Oxybutynin (Ditropan) Tolterodine (Detrol) |
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Oxybutynin (Ditropan) Tolterodine (Detrol) Indication |
Reduces bladder spasms and txs urinary incontinence |
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Oxybutynin (Ditropan) Tolterodine (Detrol) Administration |
PO |
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Oxybutynin (Ditropan) Tolterodine (Detrol) Adverse effects |
Drowsiness Constipation Urinary ret Dry mouth Blurred vision |
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Oxybutynin (Ditropan) Tolterodine (Detrol) Considerations |
Increase fluids and fiber |
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Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) indication |
Anti-infective Used for bladder infections, not effective for kidney infections |
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Antivirals |
Ancyclovir (Zovirax) |
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Ancyclovir (Zovirax) indication |
Slows progression of herpes symptoms Does not prevent transmission Most effective if started within 24 hrs of symptoms |
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Ancyclovir (Zovirax) administration |
PO IV topical |
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Ancyclovir (Zovirax) adverse effects |
HA Dizziness Seizures Diarrhea |
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Ancyclovir (Zovirax) considerations |
Encourage fluids Has potential to cause renal impairment- elevated BUN in and creatinine, monitor labs- can lead to acute renal failure Frequent monitoring and dosage adjustment if pt currently has renal dx |
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Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) administration |
PO |
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Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) adverse effects |
NVD Asthma attacks Rust colored or brown urine Vaginal itching or discharge |
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Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) considerations |
Give with food or milk Monitor pulmonary status (asthma attacks) |
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Antibiotic- fluoroquinolones- |
“Floxacin” Ciprofloxacin |
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Ciprofloxacin indication |
Anti-infective Used for UTIs |
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Ciprofloxacin administration |
PO, IV, otic |
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Ciprofloxacin adverse effects |
Diarrhea Rash Photosensitivity Elevated BUN and liver enzymes |
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Ciprofloxacin considerations |
C&S before using Can take w/ or w/o food. Taking w helps decrease GI upset Encourage fluid Take full course of therapy. Take at same time each day to keep constant level of medication in blood stream. Take 2 hrs before or 2 hours after dairy products |
