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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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spondylolysis
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fx between sup + inf articular processes
(in zone pars interarticularis- L5>L4) risks: genetics, repetitive high stress activities |
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kyphosis
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forward 'C' curve of spine - natural in thorax and sacral-coccygeal regions. progresses throughout spine w age
prodominant curve in utero |
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lordosis
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curve of spine (opposite of kyphosis) natural in lumbar and cervical region. this curvature is lost with aging as spine overall converts to kyphosis
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spondylolithesis
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slippage L5 sliding anteriorly in respect to S1. (degernerative or fx- repeditive hyperextension 'isthmic')
compression of spinal nerve and/or column |
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sites of osteoporotic compression fracture
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T7-8 (site of most pronounced thoracic kyphosis)
T12-L1 - where immobile thoracic region meets moblie lumber region |
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hypertrophy/thickening w aging of these 3 ligaments results in spinal stenosis/radiculopathy
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ligamentum flavun, posterior longitudinal ligament, facet joint capsule
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what is the ligament in the spine that is made of elastin?
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ligamentum flavum (lamina to lamina)
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boarders of the neuroforamina
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post: facet joint
ant: disc and vert. bodies inf/sup: pedicles |
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innervation of erector spinae
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posterior branch of spinal nerve
(dorsal primary ramus)- also sensor for skin that covers the erector muscles |
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locaton of cell bodies of sensor neurons
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DRG
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location of cell bodies of motor neurons
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ventral spinal cord
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where does spinal cord terminate?
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L1/L2
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describe the cauda equina
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termination of spinal cord, transition to roots and rootlets.
location: L1/L2 |
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physical exam findings in neck "whiplash syndrome"
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paraspinal spasm and normal neurological exam
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treatment for paraspinous muscle injury (strain)
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daily walking
minimize narcotics, use NSAIDS |
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most common cause of low back pain
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paraspinous strain resulting in muscle spasm
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Type I vs Type II low energy spine trauma
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I- post-menopausal, estrogen def. osteoclast mediated
II- senile- decreased osteoblastic activity overall: women twice the fractures as men |
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define radicular signs
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abnormal motor or sensor fxn in distribution of nerve root-
most common due to disc herniation |
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common sites of disc herniation
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cervical region: C5-6
Lumber: L4-5, L5-S1 |
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direction of herniation of nucleus pulposis
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posterolateral
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most common metastatic cancers to spine
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breast, lung, prostate, renal
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Pott's disease
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TB infection of the spine
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most common organism in childhood spinal infection
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staph aureus
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