Ms Scarf Living Environment Regents Set 1

Front 1

Heredity

Back 1

Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction.

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes.

Front 3

Organelle

Back 3

is one of several structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Front 4

Mitosis

Back 4

The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell.

Front 5

Trait

Back 5

________ or character is a feature of an organism. The termphenotype is sometimes used as a synonym

Front 6

Fertilization

Back 6

process in the reproduction of both plants and animals, involving the union of two unlike sex cells (gametes), the sperm and the ovum, followed by the joining of their nuclei.

Front 7

Thymine

Back 7

that is one of the principal components of DNA, in which it is paired with adenine.

Front 8

Cell

Back 8

The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.

Front 9

Meiosis

Back 9

is the process by which the nucleus divides in all sexually reproducing organisms during the production of spores or gametes. These cells have a single set of chromosomes and are called haploid, as opposed to diploid cells with two sets. (Creates ME!)

Front 10

Gene

Back 10

The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity.

Front 11

Chromosome

Back 11

A structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity. In all eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes occur as threadlike strands in the nucleus.

Front 12

Cytosine

Back 12

that is one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA, in which it forms a base pair with guanine.

Front 13

Tissues

Back 13

is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ.It is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function.

Front 14

Genetic engineering

Back 14

The science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance, such as a protein or hormone.

Front 15

DNA

Back 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted together into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine

Front 16

Guanine

Back 16

it forms base pairs with cytosine

Front 17

Organ

Back 17

a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function.

Front 18

Asexual Reproduction

Back 18

reproduction, as budding, fission, or spore formation, not involving the union of gametes. One parent

Front 19

Sexual Reproduction

Back 19

reproduction involving the union of gametes.

Front 20

Sperm

Back 20

is the male reproductive cell

Front 21

Mutation

Back 21

a change or alteration, as in form or nature.

OR a permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome; the process in which such a change occurs in a gene or in a chromosome.

Front 22

Organ system

Back 22

is a group oforgans that work together to perform one or more functions. Each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues.

Front 23

Ribosomes

Back 23

A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis.

Front 24

Egg (Ovule)

Back 24

a rudimentary seed. the plant part that contains the embryo sac and hence the female germ cell, which after fertilization develops into a seed

An organic vessel where an embryo develops

Front 25

Homeostasis

Back 25

The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes.

Front 26

Hormones

Back 26

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.

Front 27

ATP

Back 27

Adenosine Triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.

Front 28

Mitochondria

Back 28

an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.

Front 29

Biotechnology

Back 29

as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various industries to learning about the science of life and the improvement of the value of materials and organisms such as pharmaceuticals, crops, and livestock.

Front 30

Evolution

Back 30

simply put, is descent with modification.

The change in genetic composition of a population over successive generations, which may be caused bynatural selection, inbreeding, hybridization, or mutation.

Front 31

Natural Selection

Back 31

A process in nature in which organisms possessing certain genotypic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number or frequency, and therefore, are able to transmit and perpetuate their essential genotypic qualities to succeeding generations.

Front 32

Adaptations

Back 32

also called an adaptive trait, is a trait with a current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection.

Front 33

Heart Rate

Back 33

the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time (usually per minute).

Front 34

Classification

Back 34

the assignment of organisms to groups within a system of categories distinguished by structure, origin, etc. The usual series of categories is phylum (or, especially in botany, division), class, order, family, genus, species, and variety.