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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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group of cells large enough to be seen w/o a microscope
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colonies
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cold-loving microbes
(0-15 deg. C) |
psycrophiles
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cold-loving mmicrobes
(0-30 deg. C) |
psycrotrophs
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moderate temperature-loving microbes
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mesotrophs
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heat-loving microbes
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thermotrophs
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grow at 80 deg. C or higher
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hyperthermophiles
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most bacteria grow best at a pH between ____
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6.5-7.5
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microbes that prefer acidic conditions
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acidophiles
(some molds and yeasts can survive pH 5-6) |
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_______ solutions contain higher solute concentrations than inside the microbe causing microbe to lose water. The loss of water is called ____.
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hypertonic
plasmolysis |
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using nitrogen directly from the atmosphere for protein syntheses
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nitrogen fixation
ex.: legumes |
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1/2 the dry weight of a bacterial cell is _____.
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carbon
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(one of the) element required for protein synthesis
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sulfur
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required for DNA & RNA synthesis and and cell membrane
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phosphorus
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a necessary gas for many life forms, yet it is poisonus
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oxygen
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microbes unable to grow in the presence of oxygen
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anaerobes
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microbes may grow with or without the presence of oxygen
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facultative anaerobes
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microbes unable to grow in the presence of oxygen
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obligate anaerobes
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used to kill bacteria inside a phagocytic cell
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singlet oxygen (O)
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formed during normal respiration, are deadly and produce cell death, lead to aging
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free radicals
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organisms produce ______ to neutralize free radicals
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superoxide dismutase
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toxic anion produced during normal respiration, organisms produce ______ to convert it to water and oxygen
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peroxide anion
catalayse |
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formed by radiation and is extremely toxic to cells
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hydroxyl radical
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microbes that do not use oxygen for growth but can tolerate it
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aerotolerant anaerobes
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require only a small amount of oxygen to live
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microaerophiles
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essential organic compounds an organism is unable to synthesize and must obtain from environment
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organic growth factors
(organic=carbon) |
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small amount of sample introduced to a culture medium
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inoculum
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microbes tat grow on or in the culture medium
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culture
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_______ is isolated for the red algae _______ and used in culture media
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Agar, gelidium
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a media whose exact chemical composition is known
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chemically defined
(used to grow fastidious bacteria) |
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media made of extracts from yeasts, meat, plants-chemical composition varies
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complex media
(tryptic soy agar-what we use in class) |
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type of media used to grow anaerobes
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reducing media
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microbes that grow in high carbon dioxide concentrations
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capnophiles
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type of media designed to suppress growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage growth of desired microbes
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selective media
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media used to distinguish colonies of desired organisms from other colonies growing on the same plate
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differential media
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type of differential media with a pH indicator, ______, which turns _____ in presence of acid and _____ in presence of base
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MacConkey's agar
pink yellow/off white |
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type of media used to grow bacteria with specific needs or that may be present in small numbers
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enriched media
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macroscopic mound of growth that arises from a single cell
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colony
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isolation method most commonly used to get pure cultures
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streak plate method
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process by which a pure culture is placed in a suspending liquid and quick-frozen at -50 to-95 deg. C
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deep freezing
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Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.
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Distal
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bacteria elongate, DNA replicates, cell cross-wall forms, bacteria divides (1 cell to 2 cells)
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bacterial fission
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bacteria form a small initial outgrowth that enlarges and seperates
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budding
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time it takes for a cell to divide
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generation time
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shows the growth of bacterial cells over time
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bacterial growth curve
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period of little or no cell division on bacterial growth curve
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lag phase
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period of cellular growth on bacterial growth curve where cell division is at most active
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log phase
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on bacterial growth curve, period where metabolic activity and growth rate slow
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stationary phase
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on bacterial growth curve, period when number of cell deaths exceed number of new cells formed
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death phase
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dilutions of bacterial suspension added to agar which is mixed, allowed to solidify, incubated
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pour plate method
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suspension of inoculum is added to pre-poured solidified agar, then incubated
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spread plate method
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at least 100ml sample passed through filter, transfered to petri-dish (used to count bacteria when very few are present)
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filter method
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a measured amount of bacterial suspension placed within a defined are on a slide and viewed under oil immersion microscope
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direct microscope count
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slide with a grid and defined counting area used to count bacteria
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Petroff-Hauser cell counter
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as bacteria multiply liquid medium becomes cloudy or _______
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turbid
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used to determine bacterial numbers based on the cloudiness of a solution (change of light)
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spectrophotometer
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this method uses amount of acid or CO2 (metabolic products) to estimate # of bacteria present
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metabolic activity
(liquid turns from purple to yellow in the presence of E. coli |
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organism removed from growth medium, extraneous material removed, dried in desiccator, and weighed- this is the __________
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dry weight
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