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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fungi, algae, protozoans, helminth worms, plants, and animals all have _______ cells
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eukaryotic
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eukaryotes are cells with membrane-bound ____
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organelles
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study of fungi
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mycology
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scientist who studies fungi
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mycologist
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Kingdom _______ includes all fungi
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Mycetae
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microscopic fungi include ___ and ___
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yeast, mold
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macroscopic fungi include ____ and ____
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mushrooms, puffballs
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two basic shapes of microscopic fungi are____ and ____
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yeast (oval)
hyphae (long, thread-like) |
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fungi obtain their food from other sources, making them ______.
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heterotrophic
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organic material from which fungi obtain their food
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substrate
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an organism which obtains its food from dead plants and animals
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saprophyte
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type of fungi that use bodies of living animals or plants as a substrate
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parasitic fungi
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fungi release _____ which are capable of digestin feathers, hair, cellulose, wood, rubber, etc.
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enzymes
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fungal infections on animals and plants
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mycoses
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cause of the Irish potato famine
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fungus
(Phytophthora infestans) |
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the woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a colony of a mold
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mycelium
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hyphae that consist of one, long continuous cell
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non-septate
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hyphae that are divided into segments by walls
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septate
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mycelia which form the mass of growth on the surface of the substrate
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vegetative hyphae
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fungal reproductive structures are called ____
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spores
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spores are dispersed by ___, ___, and ___
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air
water living things |
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normal outdoor air contains up to _____ spores per cubic meter
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100,000
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an example of the Phylum Phycomycetes is
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bread mold
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3 examples of Phylum Ascomycetes
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penicillin
athlete's foot ringworm |
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four examples of Phylum Basidiomycetes
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mushrooms
puffballs rusts smuts |
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example of Phylum Deuteromycetes and treatment for it
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Candida albicans
diflucan, monistat |
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fungus isolated from the inner bark of a Pacific yew tree, used to treat breast cancer
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Taxomycetes andreanae (synthesizes taxol)
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most common mold in the world, produces black mold on shower doors, walls, air vents
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Cladosporium
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very dangerous black mold
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Stachybotrys
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organism which is a combination of an algae (cyanobacteria) and a fungus (phototroph)
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lichen
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nearly all fungi are ________ and do not require a host to complete their life cycle
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free-living
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type of pathogen that affects people who are weakened in some way-people w/AIDS cancer, diabetes are extremely susceptible to _______
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opportunistic pathogen
fungi |
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fungi can cause ____ reations in people
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allergic
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toxins produced in ______ can induce neurological disturbances
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mushrooms
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______ is a mold that contaminates peanuts and produces _____ (toxin) causing severe anaphylactic reactions in some
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Aspergillus flavus
aflatoxin |
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percentage of yearly fruit crop consumed by fungi
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40%
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5 ways fungi are beneficial
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decompose rotting matter
produce antibiotics produce alcohol organic acids vitamins |
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yeast that produces alcohol in beer and wine as well as gas that causes bread to rise
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Saccaromyces cervesiae
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cheese, soy sauce, and cured meats derive their unique flavor from
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fungi
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bacteria added to milk to maintain normal flora and aid in digestion
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Lactobacillus acidophilis
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bacteria that ferments milk to form yogurt
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Lactobacillus bulgaricus
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Kingdom _____ consists of two Subkingdoms, Algae and Protozoa
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Protista
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group of photosynthetic organisms which include seaweed and kelp
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algae
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members of Subkingdom Algae, found in pond water
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diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglena
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algae make their own food and are therefore called _________
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phototrophic
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large floating community of algae
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plankton
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_______ produce most of the world's oxygen
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algae
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comes from the Greek word meaning "first animals"
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protozoa
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protozoan's cytoplasm divided into ___ and ___
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ectoplasm and endoplasm
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fungus in grains that causes hallucinations, probably the cause of the Salem witch trials
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St. Anthony's Fire (Ergot)
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protozoan's primary habitats (4 places)
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fresh and marine water
soil plants animals |
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3 ways protozoa move
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flagella
cilia pseudopods |
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protozoa reproduce ______ or _____
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sexually (conjugation)
asexually (budding) |
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4 groups of the Subkingdom Protozoa
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Mastigophora
Sarcodina Ciliophora Sporozoa |
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examples of Mastigophora (4)
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Trypanosoma
Leishmania Giardia Trichomonas |
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Trypanosoma and Leishmania are blood pathogens carried by _____ vectors
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insect
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Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite spread in __________
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fecal contaminated water
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Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the human reproductive system transmitted by______
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person to person contact
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an example of Sarcodina is _____ (draw)
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Entamoeba histolytica (amoeba, pseudopod)
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an example of Ciliophora is ____ (draw)
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Balantidium coli (looks like the sun)
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an example of Sporozoa is _____ (draw)
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plasmodium (malaria)
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malaria is caused by _____ and is spread by_______
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plasmodium
mosquitoes |
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symptoms of malaria
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fever and chills
(shake n bake) |
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sporozoan spread by cats
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Toxoplasma gondii
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most parasitic protozoans are found in the _____ and _____
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tropics and subtropics
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protozoans are spread to humans by (5 ways)
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soil, water, food, other humans, animals
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causes African Sleeping Sickness
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Trypanosoma brucei
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causes Chagas
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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Chagas is spread by the ____ bug and sympatom is ______
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reduviid
toxic megacolon |
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causes amoebic dysentery
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Entamoeba histolytica
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tapeworms, roundworms and flukes are called ____
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helminths
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largest tapeworms measure up to _____ long
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25 yards
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two major groups of parasitic helminths
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roundworms
flatworms |
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flatworm examples (2)
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cestodes (tapeworms)
trematodes (flukes) |
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roundworm example (1)
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pinworms (nematodes)
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how many cases of helminth infection in US per year
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50 million
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helminth found in fecal contaminated soil that penetrate soles of feet
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hookworms
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cause of elephantiasis
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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symptoms of elephantiasis
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enlarged extremities due to accumulation of lymph fluid
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eating infected pork or bear causes _____ which is caused by ______ (organism)
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trichonosis
Trichonella spiralis |
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transmission, symptom, and treatment of loa loa eye worm
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transmission: diteran fly
symptom: worm in eye treatment: pull out worm |
