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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A virus that infects bacteria
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bacteriophage |
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A monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen containing base
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nucleotide |
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A model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another like a twisted ladder
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double helix |
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Rules that describe how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
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base-pairing rules |
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Process by which DNA is copied
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replication |
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An enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication
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DNA polymerase |
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a theory in cells that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
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Central Dogma |
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A nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
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RNA |
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The process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to forma complementary strand of RNA
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transcription |
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An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template
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RNA polymerase |
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A form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis
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mRNA |
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A form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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tRNA |
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RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock
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rRNA |
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A process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
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translation |
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A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
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codon |
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A set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation
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anticodon |
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A change in the DNA sequence
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mutation |
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A mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide present
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point mutation |
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A mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
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frameshift mutation |
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An agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms
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mutagens |
