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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seborrheic Dermatitis
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S&S-yellowish, greasy appearing scales
Eti-Idiopathic Dx-Visual exam Tx-Selenium, hydrocortisone |
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Psoriasis
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S&S-Thick, flakey, red patches, covered with white, silvery scales
Eti-Unknown, seems to be genetic DX-Pt hx, visual exam Tx-Devonex, diprolene, cortisporin, UV light |
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Eczema
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S&S-Rash with vesicular & exudative eruptions in children. Dry, leathery vesicles in adults
Eti-Idiopathic Dx-family hx, visual exam, skin testing Tx-Diprolene, hydrocortisone, cortisporin |
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Impetigo
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S&S-Vesicular or pustular lesions with a honey crust
Eti-Bacteria streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus Dx-Visual exam, culture Tx-Bacitracin, neosporin |
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Acne
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S&S-Papules, pustules, comedones
Eti-Unknown, hormonal changes, plugs that promote bacteria Dx-Visual exam Tx-Retin-A, accutane |
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Tinea Corporis (ringworm)
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S&S-Lesions that are round, ringed & scaled with vesicles
Eti-Contact with infected animals (usually cats) Dx-Visual exam Tx-Diprolene, mycelex |
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Herpes Zoster
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S&S-Vesicles in a band like, unilateral pattern along peripheral nerves or dermatomes, burning or tingling pain
ETI-Herpes varicella - Zoster virus (chicken pox) Dx-Visual exam Tx-Zovirax, valtrax |
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Cellulitis (Erysipelas)
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S&S-Erythema, pitting edema, warm to touch, usually lower extremities
Eti-Bacteria, streptococccus, staphylococcus aureus Dx-Visual exam Tx-Immobilization, elevate, warm compress, systemic ABX |
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Decubitus Ulcer
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S&S-Early, shiny skin over bony area, advances to blister, erosion, necrosis, ulceration
Eti-Impairment or lack of blood supply to affected area Dx-Visual exam Tx-Early ambulation, absorbable sponges, Silvadene, debriding agents |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma (most prevelant)
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S&S-Persistent, non-healing open lesion that bleeds, oozes, crusts remain open
Eti-UV rays Dx-Visual exam, biopsy Tx-Surgical removal, Retin-A |
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Malignant Melanoma (most serious)
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S&S-Change in asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation (A,B,C,D,E) of a mole/nevi
Eti-Overexposure to UV rays, family hx, previous hx Dx-Visual exam, biopsy Tx-Surgical excision, chemo/radiation |
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Alopecia (hair loss)
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S&S-can be temporary or permanent
Eti-Age, family hx, chemo, meds, disease Dx-Visual exam Tx-Rogaine, propecia |
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Furuncle (boil)
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S&S-Red, inflamed swollen area, painful, increases in size
Eti-Bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, poor hygiene Dx-Visual exam Tx-Hot compress, I&D, ABX |
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Warts (verrucae)
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S&S-Small, white or pink lump with cauliflower like surface
Eti-Virus spread by contact Dx-Visual exam Tx-Disappear on their own, cryosurgery |
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Burns
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S&S-Superficial burn-damage to the dermis, reddening of the skin, no blisters skin is intact. Partial thickness-damage to the dermis & epidermis, blisters noted probable infection. Full thickness-dermis, epiderrmis & deep tissue damage, usually including nerve damage.
Eti-Trauma, heat, electricity, chemicals or radiation Dx-Visual exam, rule of nines Tx-Silvadene, damp, cool, sterile dressing |
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OSteoarthritis (OA)
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S&S-Pain with exercise, stiffness after sleep, joint becomes less moveable
Eti-Unknown, seems to be associated with aging Dx-X-ray TX-Nabumetone, Naproxen, IBU, ASA |
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Lyme Disease
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S&S-Rash with target/bull's eye lesion, flu like symptoms
Eti-Tick carrying bacteria spirochete Dx-Visual exam, hx Tx-Remove tick, ABX |
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Gout
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S&S-Severe pain & inflammation most often in the fingers & great toe
Eti-Elevated uric acid in the blood & synovial fluid of joints Dx-Visual exam, uric acid level blood test Tx-Colchicine (acute gout), zyloprim, allopurinal (chronic gout) |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
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S&S-Joint pain, butterfly rash, fever, malaise, weight loss, hair loss, more common in women age 30-40
Eti-Unknown, thought to be autoimmune Dx-Visual exam, blood test for antibodies Tx-ASA, prednisone, immunosuppressive medications |
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Osteoporosis
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S&S-Usually asymptomatic, kyphosis, loss of height
Eti-Lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women, calcium & vitamin D deficiency Dx-Spontaneous bone fracture (sileant disease), DEXA scan (bone scan) Tx-Fosamax, calcium, vitamin D |
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Dislocation
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S&S-Joint pain, misshapen, immovable, loss of function
Eti-Trauma, injury Dx-Visual exam, x-ray Tx-Reduction |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
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S&S-Inflammation & edema of the synovial membrane around joint, joint pain, malaise
Eti-Unknown, thought to be autoimmune Dx-RA blood test, ESR, synovial fluid culture Tx-Indomethacin, prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, ridura |
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Sprain / Strain
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S&S-pain, inflammation, stiffness, weakness
Eti-Trauma Dx-X-ray to r/o fracture Tx-APAP, IBU, naproxen |
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Fracture
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S&S-Pain increase with movement, swelling, tenderness, bruising, deformity, lack of function, open wound
Eti-Trauma or disease Dx-X-ray, CT scan, MRI Tx-Splint to restrict motion, complete immobilization, cast, traction, surgery |
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Types of fractures
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Open or compound - Break with opening in skin
Greenstick - Most common in children Comminuted - Bone splinter Colles - Common fracture of the wrist Impacted - one end is wedged in the end of adjoining bone |
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Severed Tendon
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S&S-immediate, severe pain, inflammation & immobility of affected part
Eti-Trauma Dx-Inability to mave affected part Tx-Surgery (tenorrhaphy), physical therapy |
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Fibromyalgia
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S&S-Chronic pain in muscles & soft tissues surrounding joints
Eti-Unknown Dx-Pain at 18 specific tender points Tx-Carisoprodol, methocarbamol, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, diazepam |
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Hallux Valgus (bunion)
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S&S-Inflammation of the great toe, development of hammer toe
Eti-Great toe is positioned toward the midline of the body Dx-Visual exam Tx-ASA,ASAP |
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Muscular Dystrophy
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S&S-Muscular atrophy, waddling gait, spinal deformities
Eti-Absence of dystrophin Dx-Muscle biopsy, EMG Tx-Physical therapy |
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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S&S-weakness or numbness in one or more limbs, optic neuritis, unsteady gait, vertigo, difficulity urinating, speech problems, dysphagia, loss of vision
Eti-Unknown, autoimmune Dx-Spinal tap, MRI Tx-Marinol, muscle relaxants, clonazepam, gabapentin |
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Myasthenia Gravis
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S&S-Extreme muscular weakness without atrophy, progressive fatigue, drooping eyelids, difficulty talking, swallowing, chewing
Eti-Thought to be autoimmune Dx-Tensilon test, EMG Tx-Mestinon |
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Parkinson's
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S&S-"Pill-rolling" tremor, shuffling gait, mask like face
Eti-Unknown, possibly a deficency of dopamine Dx-Neurological exam Tx-Levodopa / carbidopa, amanatadine, diphenhydramine |
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Meningitis
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S&S-Nuchal rigidity, positive kernig's sign, brudzinski's sign, photophobia
Eti-Bacterial or viral Dx-Lumbar puncture, CSF culture Tx-ABX, phenytoin, phenobarbital |
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CVA (stroke) / TIA (mini-stroke)
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S&S-Sudden severe headache, sudden dysphagia, sudden weakness & numbnesson one side of the body, confusion
Eti-Cerebral thrombosis (clot), cerebral bleed, cerebral embolism (moving clot) Dx-CT scan, MRI Tx-Streptokinase, warfarin, ASA |
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Concussion
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S&S-Loss of consciousness less than 5 minutes, headache, nausea/vomiting, blurred vision, photophobia
Eti-Trauma Dx-Neurological exam, CT scan Tx-Rest, watch for changes |
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Contussion
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S&S-Loss of consciousness greater than 5 minutes to coma, headache, hemiparesis, drowsy, combative
Eti-Trauma, blow to head Dx-Neurological exam, CT scan Tx-Hospital admit, watch for increased cranial pressure |
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Migraine
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S&S-Headache, nausea/vomiting, aura, photophobia, sensitivity to noise & smell
Eti-Unknown, may be hereditary, certain foods, smoking Dx-CT scan, EEG Tx-Naratriptan, sumatriptan, rizatriptan |
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Epilepsy
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S&S-Involuntary activity of muscle contractions, partial seizures (petit mal), to grand mal seizures (tonic-clonic)
Eti-Idiopathic, no apparent cause Dx-EEG Tx-Phenytoin, carbamazepine, depakote, phenobarbital, gabapentin, clonazepam |
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GERD
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S&S-Heartburn, burping that expresses vomit into the mouth, burning, dysphagia
Eti-Overeating, pregnancy, weight gain, relaxed laryngo esophageal sphincter (LES) Dx-Barium swallow, endoscopy Tx-Rantidine, esomeprazole, omeprazole |
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Hernia
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S&S-Lump, bulge, pain
Eti-Trauma, increased abdominal pressure, surgical scar Dx-Visual exam, palpitated Tx-Reduction, wear a truss, if signs of strangulation surgery is required |
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Peritonitis
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S&S-Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, weakness, profuse sweating, fever, in fulminating cases toxic exudates leads to septicemia shock & death from trauma
Eti-Infection in abdominal cavity usually from trauma Dx-Elevated WBC, abnormal electrolyte levels, radiographic studies Tx-ABX, peritoneal lavage |
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Cleft Lip / Palate
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S&S-Hole through the hard & soft palate, nasal regurgitation at feeding
Eti-Genetic disorder Dx-Visual exam of oral cavity Tx-Surgery |
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Peptic Ulcer
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S&S-Heartburn, pain, nausea/vomiting
Eti-Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection, inflammation o fthe GI tract Dx-Endoscopy Tx-Ranitidine, omeprazole |
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Appendicitis
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S&S-Pain in RLQ, nausea/vomiting, fever, diarrhea or constipation
Eti-Unknown Dx-Tenderness at Mc Burney's point Tx-Surgery |
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Crohn's Disease
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S&S-Chronic diarrhea, pain in RLQ, weight loss, malaise, nausea/vomiting, blood in stool
Eti-Unknown, psychosomatic illness, autoimmune Dx-Colonoscopy Tx-Sulfasalazine |
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Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
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S&S-Weight loss, fever, malaise, diarrhea containing blood , mucus, and pus
Eti-Unknown, possibly autoimmune Dx-Barium enema, colonoscopy Tx-Sulfasalazine, imuran |
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Hemorrhoids
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S&S-Rectal pain, itching, protusion or bleeding
Eti-Veins in the rectal and anal area become varicose, swollen, and tender as a result of blockage Dx-Visual exam, proctoscopy Tx-Bisacodyl, ligation, cryosurgery |
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Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
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S&S-Pain in URQ, nausea/vomiting, flatulence, jaundice
Eti-Age, high-calorie, high cholesterol diet, obesity Dx-Ultrasonography Tx-Lithotripsy, surgery |
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Hepatitis
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S&S-Headache, anorexia, malaise, jaundice, hepatomegaly
Eti-Viral Dx-Blood & urine tests Tx-Palliative |
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Cirrhosis
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S&S-Loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea/vomiting, indigestion, edema
Eti-Chronic alcholism, malnutrition, hepatitis, parasites, toxic chemicals Dx-Physical exam, hepatomegaly Tx-Antabuse |
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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) (cold sores)
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S&S-Painful blisters on lips & inside mouth
Eti-Viral, exposure to sunshine and wind, or presence of other infection can reactivate the virus Dx-Oral exam Tx-Penciclovir |
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Gastroenteritis
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S&S-Anorexia, abdominal cramping, loose stools, nausea/vomiting, fever, weakness
Eti-Ingestion of disease-causing bacteria or parasites from contaminated foods Dx-Patient hx, occult blood test Tx-Palliative |
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Cancer Staging System
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T-size of primary tumor
N-extent of regional lymph node involvement by the tumor M-number of distant metastases |
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Benign
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Remain encapsulated, do not infiltrate surrounding tissue
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Malignant
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Invade the surrounding tissue, enters bloodstream or lymphatic vessels & leads to tumor growth in other areas of the body (metastases)
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