Ms 1

Front 1

The demyelinating disease of the CNS (brain and SC)

Back 1

Multiple sclerosis

Front 2

Autoimmune disease with segmental demyelination,inflammation and gliosis

Back 2

Multiple sclerosis

Front 3

Charcot'striad: Cardinal signs of MS

Scanning speech (mixed type of dysarthria)

Intention tremors (kinetic tremor)

Nystagmus

Back 3

Multiple sclerosis

Front 4

Charcot'striad: Cardinal signs of MS

Back 4

Scanning speech (mixed type of dysarthria)

Intention tremors (kinetic tremor)

Nystagmus

Front 5

the quick oscillation; the shaking of the eyeballs

Back 5

Nystagmus

Front 6

The exact etiology of MS is

Back 6

Unknown (idiopathic)

Front 7

MS Hallmark:

Back 7

plaque formation in MRI

Front 8

Multiple sclerosis risk factor:

gender

Back 8

F>M

Front 9

Multiple sclerosis risk factor:

age

Back 9

20-40years old

Front 10

Multiple sclerosis risk factor:

vitamins deficiency

Back 10

Dec vitamin D level

Front 11

Multiple sclerosis risk factor:

Back 11

• F>M

• 20-40years old

• High SES (temperatecountries)

• Dec vitamin D level

• Smoking

• Family History

Front 12

Multiple sclerosis etiology:

Back 12

1. The exact etiology is Unknown (idiopathic)

2. Viral, autoimmune

3. Mixed histocompatibility complex (MHC/HLA-6) region of chromosome 6

Front 13

Multiple sclerosis chromosome

Back 13

chromosome 6

Front 14

Multiple sclerosis risk factor:

race

Back 14

white population

northern america

northern europe

scandinavian countries (sweden, denver)

new zealand

southern australia

southern canada

Front 15

Multiple sclerosis aka

Back 15

the great crippler of young adult

Front 16

a chronic inflammation, demyelinating disease of the CNS characterized by the segmental demyelination, inflammation & gliosis

Back 16

Multiple sclerosis

Front 17

plaque formation (hallmark)

Back 17

gliosis

Front 18

Multiple sclerosis accepted theories:

Back 18

1. autoimmune disease induced by a viral or other infections aent

a. herpes viruses (type 1,2,6)

b. familial? pneumonia

2. genetics

Front 19

demyelination of the PNS

Back 19

GBS

Front 20

proliferation of the neuroglial cell or tissue within the CNS & results in glial scars (plaque)

Back 20

gliosis

Front 21

best diagnosis for MS:

Back 21

MRI

Front 22

best diagnosis for TBI:

Back 22

CT scan

Front 23

demyelinated areas eventually become filled with fibrous astrocytes (most abundant glial cell) & undergo a process called gliosis

Back 23

Multiple sclerosis

Front 24

demyelinating lesion in the white matter of the CNS

Back 24

Multiple sclerosis

Front 25

Plaque locations in Multiple sclerosis;

Back 25

POBCCCC

Periventricular white matter

Optic Nerve (CN 1)

Brainstem

Cerebral cortex/cortex

CST

Cerebellum (cerebellar peduncle)

Cervical spinal cord (posterior white column)

Front 26

Four Major Clinical Subtypes of MS

Back 26

1. Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

2. Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

3. Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

4. Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)

Front 27

Characterized by discrete attacks of neurological deficits (relapse) with either full or partial recovery (remission) in subsequent weeks to months.

Back 27

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

Front 28

Affects approximately 85% of patients with MS at diagnosis

Back 28

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

Front 29

MC MS type:

Back 29

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

Front 30

Characterized by an initial relapsing-remitting course, followed by a change in clinical course with progression to steady and irreversible decline with or without continued acute attacks

Back 30

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

Front 31

The majority cf patients with RRMS progressed to SPMS

Back 31

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

Front 32

>50% of type of MS:

Back 32

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

Front 33

20% out of the 85% of RRMS

Back 33

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

Front 34

Characterized by disease progression and steady functional decline from onset

Back 34

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Front 35

Patients may experience modest fluctuations in neurological disability but discrete attacks do not occur (without acute attacks)

Back 35

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Front 36

is associated with later onset (mean age 40 years)and more equal gender distribution

Back 36

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Front 37

Affects approximately 10% of patients with MS

Back 37

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Front 38

type of MS that is associated with later onset (40 y.o)

Back 38

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Front 39

type/s of MS that has bad prognosis:

Back 39

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Front 40

type/s of MS that has good prognosis:

Back 40

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

Front 41

types of MS according to severity:

Back 41

benign MS

malignant MS

Front 42

disease in which the pt. remains fully functional in all neurological system 15 years after onset

Back 42

benign MS

Front 43

aka "marburg's disease"

Back 43

malignant MS

Front 44

rapid onset & almost continual progression leading to significant disability or death with a relatively short time period after onset

Back 44

malignant MS

Front 45

• Characterized by a steady deterioratiorn in disease from onset (similar to PPMS) but with occasional acute attacks

Back 45

Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)

Front 46

Intervals between attacks are characterized by continuing disease progression

Back 46

Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)

Front 47

• Affects approximately 5% of patients with MS

Back 47

Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)

Front 48

least common type of MS

Back 48

Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)