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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did they identify the SARS-CoV2 vaccine target? |
They sequenced the genome and modelled the structure of the spike protein (S) that binds to ACE2 for entry. |
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How did structural vaccinology help produce the SARS-CoV2 vaccine? |
They modelled the structure of the spike protein and found it had two conformational shapes. They decided to use the closed shape and mutated it to prevent it opening. |
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How do you make mRNA vaccines suitable for use? |
Synthesise mRNA with stable 5’ cap and 3’ polyA tail. Modified to make it look like host RNA. Added lipid based nano particles to allow passage only the cell. |
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How do mRNA vaccines induce a response? |
Antigen is produced in the ribosome. Some is released and some is expressed on surface with MHC class 1, causing CD8+ T cell recognition. Some is recognised by B cells on the surface or by APCs that take it up, causing antibody production and B cell memory. |
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What is efficacy and how do you calculate it? |
How much a vaccine has lowered a risk of getting sick with that pathogen. It is calculated in clinical trials. Use controls and vaccinated, then challenge. You then do how many people out of the placebo group that get sick. |
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What are the pros and cons of mRNA vaccines? |
Pros - easy to adapt to any protein antigen - safe - high efficacy - both responses Cons - short half-life - strong immunogenicity - complex delivery - high cost - cold chain dependent |
