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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was a "doughface" ? |
Someone from North who sided with the South over the slavery issue. |
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Why is James Buchanan often listed as the Worst President of all time? |
Because Buchanan sided with the south on every single issue during his presidency, even when the South left the Union at the end of his term. |
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What was the origin of the Dred Scott case? |
When a slave named Dred Scott moved to Wisconsin (WI), a free state. He then sued his owner for freedom. |
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how did the Supreme Court rule? |
That slaves were property, that they had no legal rights at all, and that Congress had no right to ban slavery anywhere. |
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What did the Dred Scott case decision do? |
It allowed slavery to expand anywhere, even to the North. |
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What did Abraham Lincoln argue in his debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858? |
Lincoln argued that 1) the union was on the verge of collapse
2) that slavery was a moral wrong and that it should not be allowed to expand. |
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How did the debates w/ Douglas make Lincoln famous?
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Even though Lincoln lost, he became famous for his bold and courageous anti-slavery message. |
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What happened with John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry in 1859? |
John Brown attacked the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in an attempt to arm the slaves and start a revolution. |
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How did the southerners react to Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry? |
Southerners were outraged. |
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Who ran for president on the Republican ticket in 1860? Why was he picked? |
Abraham Lincoln Republicans thought voters would identify with his humble background. |
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Why did Lincoln appeal to many northern voters? |
Lincoln argued that slavery should not be allowed to expand. |
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Why did Lincoln win the presidency in 1860? |
1) The Democratic Party split along sectional lines. 2) Lincoln won every northern state. |
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What had the South always feared? |
South feared that an anti-slavery politician like Lincoln might use the North's population advantage to win the election and possibly try to end slavery. |
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What did South Carolina do?
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South Carolina voted to secede from the Union. 11 states tried to secede. |
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How did the South justify leaving the Union? |
South said that states had voluntarily come into the Union, so they could voluntarily leave. |
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What does the Constitution say about seceding? |
Constitution says that states cannot "enter into agreement" with one another (which is what the 11 seceding states did by forming their own seperate government). |
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Why did Lincoln fight the Civil War? |
Since the Constitution demands that the president enforce its rules, Lincoln fought the Civil war to keep the south from leaving the Union. |
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When did the Civil war begin and end? |
Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861to April 9, 1865. |
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Why was the Civil War fought and why was it important? |
The war was fought to keep the South from leaving the Union. It ended slavery. It kept the country together. It ended (at least temporarily) the debate over whether states could secede from the union. It proved that the democratic government could survive crises. |
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How many men are estimated to have died in the war? This compares with what city's population? How many total casualities ? |
620,000. Indianapolis. Over 1 million. |
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What are two reasons so many died? |
Poor sanitation and poor medical treatment. The other reason is because they used long-range rifles, rapid-fire cannons and lighter bullets, but old military tactics. |
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How many soldiers fought on both sides? |
2million in Union Army 1 million in Confederate Army. |
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What were the 3 divisions in each Army? |
1) Artillery - handled the cannons. 2) Infantry - the foot soldiers. 3) Cavalry - the mounted soldiers on horseback. |
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How many Indiana soldiers served and died? |
208,000 served and 24,000 died. |
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What impact did the Civil War have on Indiana politics? |
It made Indiana a Republican state due to several Democrats joining forces with a failed attempt by a pro-southern group to overthrow the state govt. in 1864. |
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What was each side fighting for? |
Most northerners fought to keep the country together. Most southerners supported the legal right to own slaves. Southerners also fought to protect their homes because most of the war was fought in their territory. |
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What advantages and disadvantages did each side face? |
North's biggest advantages were more people and more factories. It's biggest disadvantage was poor military leadership. The South's biggest advantages were the fact that they were fighting a defensive war on their own turf and had great military leadership. Its biggest disadvantage was its lower population and lack of industry. |
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What was the North's strategy to win? |
1) Make the South fight on two fronts and eventually wear it down. 2) Blockade all southern ports to cripple the southern economy. |
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What was the South's strategy to win? |
1) Wear down the Union Army and 2) turn people in the North against the war |
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Where and when did the Civil War begin? |
Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina on April 12, 1861. |
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What did Lincoln do in response to start of the war? |
Lincoln declared a state of rebellion in the South and asked for 75,000 volunteers to down the rebellion.
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What was Lincoln's mistake? Why? |
Demanding volunteers from the border states of Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas. Without these 4 states, it is doubtful that the 7 states who seceded first would have ever been able to wage an effective war. |
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What was the Anaconda Plan? Why was it important? |
The Anaconda Plan was a naval blockade of all southern port cities. Because it caused the southern economy to collapse. It also prevented trade with European nations. The South was hoping that the cotton trade would force European nations to help it win the war. |
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What was the first major land battle? Why did the Union lose? |
Battle of Bull Run. The Union Army lost due to a lack of discipline and poor training. |
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What was the plan for Union victory in the west? |
The Union plan for victory in the western theater was to take control over the Mississippi River. |
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Why is the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac important? |
It was the first battle between iron clad warships in world history. |
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Who led the "Seven Days Campaign"? Why did he lose? |
George McClellan ; lost because the Union Army was too slow in taking the confederate capital because McClellan waited for cannons to be brought in to level the city. |
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a) Who was Robert E. Lee? b) Why did he turn down an offer to lead the Union Army? c) What did he think about slavery? d) Why was he so good? |
a) Lee was the Commander of the Confederate Army in Virginia b) Lee said he couldn't fight against his home state and its people c) Lee thought slavery was morally wrong, but also felt it was a right protected by the Constitution. d) Lee inspired his men, led by example, and used his engineering skills to outsmart the Union Army at every turn. |
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Why did Lee cross into northern territory in 1862? What happened at Antietam? |
Lee hoped that a crushing victory on Union soil would lead to either a peace agreement or support from European nations. Antietam was the bloodiest day in American history: 24,000 troops were killed or wounded in 8 hours of fighting. |
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Who replaced McClellan? Why did he attack Lee at Fredericksburg? Why was this disastrous? |
Ambrase Burnside ; Attacked because he was trying to prove he wasn't another McClellan ; Lee's army held the high ground and Burnside's army had to fight its way through the town |
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What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? |
Eman. Proc. was an executive order that freed the slaves in the 11 states that had seceded from the Union. To be free, however, the slaves had to be under the protection of the Union Army. |
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What was the result of the Eman. Proclamation? |
The result was 200,000 African-Americans joined the Union Army, becoming some of its best troops. |
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Why did Lincoln start the military draft in 1863? Why were there riots? |
Lincoln started the draft because the Union Army was running out of soldiers. Riots because the poor could not afford to buy their way out of military service. |
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Why did Lee cross into the North in June 1863? What was his army doing at Gettysburg? |
Lee hoped that a large, decisive Confederate victory on Union soil might be enough to turn the North against Lincoln and the war. Lee's army was searching for a rumored stockpile of shoes. |
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How long was the Battle of Gettysburg? How many troops fought? Why did the Union win? What were the turning points? |
a) Battle of Gettysburg lasted 3 bloody days. b) 90,000 union troops &75,000 southerners fought c) Union won because they held the high ground throughout the battle and had more men to make Lee retreat. d) 2 turning points - the battle for Little Round Top and Pickett's Charge |
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How many casualities were there at Gettysburg? How much did Lee lose? |
53,000 casualites at Gettysburg; Lee lost over 1/3 of his entire army. |
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When did Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address? What did he say? |
Nov. 1863 Main idea of Gettysburg Address was that the Union needed to finish the war to honor those who had died and maintain a democratic nation. |
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What happened at Vicksburg and why was it a key Union victory? |
*Grant attacked Vicksburg and put it under seige. Citizens starved and supplies ran out, forcing the town to surrender. *It was key as it gave the North total control over the Mississippi River and split the South in two. |
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When and Where was Lincoln born? Where did he grow up? |
Lincoln was born in a one-room log cabin w/dirt floor in rural KY on Feb. 12, 1809. |
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What early political experiences did Lincoln have? |
8 yrs in Illinois legislature and 2 yrs in U.S. House of Representatives |
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When did Lincoln re-enter politics? What party did he join? |
IN 1854 to criticize Illinois senator Stephen Douglas and his Kansas-Nebraska Act. Republican party |
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What were 3 influences that turned Lincoln against slavery? |
1) Lincoln's father was against slavery. 2) Read extensively as a child. 3) He saw the cruelity of slavery first-hand. |
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What role did the Declaration of Independence play in Lincoln's arguments against slavery? |
Lincoln often used the line "all men are created equal" to argue that slavery was wrong. |
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What didn't Lincoln say about slavery? How was he able to get rid of it anyways? |
Lincoln never said he wanted to abolish slavery. As Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Lincoln argued that the South could use their slaves against the United States during the Civil War. He ordered slaves be freed wherever the Union Army was in the South. |
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What plans did Lincoln have for the newly-freed slaves after the Civil War ended? |
1) The establishment of a "Freedom's Bureau" to help the slaves trnsition to freedom. 2) Voting rights for all African-Americans. 3) The passage of laws that would help establish equality between all races. |
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Why was the North starting to win? Why was the election important? What was the South's goal? |
a) because of its superior numbers and easy
access to manufactured goods b) election important as a group of Democrats, known as Copperheads, promised to end the war if they won the elections of 1864. c) South's goal was to stall defeat and continue to win battles. |
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Why did Lincoln move Grant to the East in 1864? What was the Overland Campaign? Why was it so bloody? |
a) Lincoln was also concerned about the election, so he put Grant in charge of the Union Army in Virginia to hopefully end the was by Nov. b) Overland Campaign was Grant's plan to march the Union Army to Richmond and take it at all costs. c) Bloody because Lee used trench warfare to protect his capital in the hopes of stringing out the war until the Nov. election. |
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What did Lee's men do at Cold Harbor? How many of Grant's men died? |
*Lee's men dug an intricate network of trenches and earthen dams to protect Richmond. *Grant lost 7,000 Union troops died in 20 minutes as first time encountered trench. |
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What did Grant do next? |
Grant put Richmond under seige for 9 months |
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Who took over in the west after Grant went east? What was the second part of Grant's plan to win the war? Why is Sherman's March to the Sea controversial, even today? |
*William Tecumseh Sherman *2nd part of plan was "Sherman's March to the Sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, GA (Atlantic Ocean) *Sherma and allowed his in destroyed everything in his path and allowed his soldiers to loot, steal, and commit acts of violence against the civilian population. |
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Who did Lincoln defeat in 1864? |
George McClellan |
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How many troops did Lee have left by the spring of 1865? What happened to Richmond? |
*Lee had less than 5,000 troops left. *Richmond lay in ruins (fire) |
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When and Where did Lee surrender? |
Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865 |
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When, where and by whom was Lincoln killed? Whte was Reconstruction? |
*Lincoln was assassinated on Good Friday, April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington *Reconstruction was Lincoln's plan for bringing the South back into the Union and extending rights to newly-freed slaves. |
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What did the 13th Amendment do? |
13th Amendment officially abolished slavery throughout the United States in Dec. 1865. |
