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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dorsal scapular nerve
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rhomboids; pierces scalenus and runs down medial edge of scapula
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suprascapular nerve
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supra and infraspinatus
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Root level nerves (pre-clavicular) of brachial plexus
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dorsal scapular (rhomboids), suprascapular (supra and infraspinatus), Long thoracic (serratus anterior)
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Preganglionic vs post-ganglionic
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Pre-ganglionic get Horner’s syndrome (pupil constriction, ptosis, dry face on side of injury);
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Erb’s palsy
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C5,6; if get biceps function by 3 months good prognosis
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Lateral cord
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Musculocutaneous (Lateral pectoral, ....
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Medial/lateral cord
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Median
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Medial Cord
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Ulnar nerve (Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous, medial antebrachial cutaneous)
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Posterior cord
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ULTRA: Upper and Lower Subscapular, Thoracodorsal, Radial and axillary
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Innervation Teres Major
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Lower subscapular
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What limits flexion and external rotation of shoulder?
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rotator interval
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Coraco-acromial ligament
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prevents superior escape of humeral head
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Standard posterior shoulder arthroscopy portal enters below what structure, and what is at risk?
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below infraspinatus; axillary nerve at risk
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Interval for posterior approach to shoulder?
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infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve) and teres minor (axillary nerve)- this is to avoid axillary nerve which is inferior of teres minor in quadrangular space
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Between which muscles does brachial plexus cross?
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Scalenus anterior and medius
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What is primary blood supply to humeral head
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arcuate artery of anterior humeral circumflex (lies in bicipital groove)
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At suprascapular notch, where are supraspinatus nerve and vessel relative to transverse ligament
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Nerve under ligament; artery over ligament “Water over the bridge”
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Positioning of forearm when doing valgus stress to assess UCL ligament stability
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Pronation
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Location of radial nerve from distal humerus articular surface?
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13 cm posteriorly, 7.5 cm laterally
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Articular metaphyses
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hip, shoulder, elbow, and ankle (lateral mal)
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3 Primary restraints elbow stability
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anterior band UCL, Lateral ulnar collateral, coronoid
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Where is radial nerve on lateral side of arm?
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between the brachialis and brachioradialis
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where is attachment of anterior capsule to coronoid
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6mm distal of tip
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How to protect PIN in Kocher approach?
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Pronate forearm
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ulnar nerve lies between what structure in forearm?
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FCU and FDP
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median nerve lies between what structures in forearm?
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FDS and FDP
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Inter-nervous plane for Kocher
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Anconeus (radial nerve) and ECU (PIN)
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Innervation of pronator quadratus
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AIN
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C-spine anatomic landmarks anterior approach
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C3 = Hyoid; C4/5 = Thyroid cartilage; C6 = Cricoid cartilage
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Most common level of cervical disk herniation?
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C5/C6 (get C6 symptoms)
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C5-C7 spinal cord injury and function:
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C5 = motorized wheelchair; C6 = manual wheelchair; C7 = hand function
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4 components of carotid sheath
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Common carotid, internal carotid, internal jugular, CN X (vagus)
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Distance of vertebral artery lateral from midline at C1?
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2cm
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Primary stabilizer of atlantoaxial joint
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transverse ligament
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Anterior halo pin issues
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suprorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve; pin should be lateral of both of these structures
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Artery of Adamkiewitz location and significance
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left side between T8 and T12; injury leads to anterior cord syndrome
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Collagen in annulus fibrosis vs pulposus
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fibrosis = type I; pulposus = type II
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Postoperative retrograde ejaculation caused by injury to:
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Superior hypogastric plexus, usually at L5 level
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Innervation of hamstrings
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L5 (semi tendinosus and membranosus) and S1 (biceps femoris)
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Gluteus maximus innervation
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S1 (inferior gluteal nerve)
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Most commonly injured nerve in primary THA
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peroneal branch of sciatic nerve
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Superior gluteal nerve innervates what?
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gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata
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location of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
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passes over the sartorius 2.5cm distal of ASIS
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What genicular artery supplies the cruciate ligaments?
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middle genicular
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Branches of popliteal artery
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anterior and posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery
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What vessel crosses path during anterior approach to hip?
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Lateral femoral circumflex (ascending branch)
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Innervation to intrinsic muscles of foot and exception?
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all innervated by posterior tibial nerve except Extensor digitorum brevis which is peroneal nerve
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Plantar heel spurs originate in what structure?
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Flexor digitorum brevis
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